Wiker H G, Mustafa T, Målen H, Riise A M D
Section for Microbiology and Immunology, The Gade Institute, Armauer Hansen Building, University of Bergen, NO-5021 Bergen, Norway.
Scand J Immunol. 2006 Sep;64(3):243-50. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2006.01815.x.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), is one of the main killers among infectious pathogens in the world and represents an important factor that sustain poverty in developing countries. Failure of the BCG vaccine to protect in endemic regions, and increasing problems with multi-drug-resistant TB calls for development of better vaccines to prevent reactivation of tuberculosis. It has been estimated that an effective post-exposure vaccine will prevent 30-40% of the TB cases. New vaccines should also prevent development of TB in HIV-infected individuals. Recent characterization of M. tuberculosis H37Rv by proteomic methods has revealed a large number of novel secreted proteins that should be investigated in mouse models for latent and slowly progressive TB. There is an important balance between control of infection and tissue destruction in TB, and M. tuberculosis has developed strategies to prevent immune-mediated sterilization. Central to this strategy is inhibition of apoptosis of macrophages. Development of novel vaccines should therefore take into consideration the effects on central markers to obtain a better picture of regulation of immunity, including FasL and Bcl-2 which are essential in regulation of apoptosis.
结核分枝杆菌是结核病的病原体，是全球传染性病原体中的主要杀手之一，也是导致发展中国家贫困持续的一个重要因素。卡介苗在流行地区无法提供保护，以及多重耐药结核病问题日益严重，这就需要研发更好的疫苗来预防结核病的复发。据估计，一种有效的暴露后疫苗将预防30%-40%的结核病病例。新疫苗还应预防HIV感染者患结核病。最近通过蛋白质组学方法对结核分枝杆菌H37Rv进行的表征揭示了大量新的分泌蛋白，这些蛋白应在潜伏性和缓慢进展性结核病的小鼠模型中进行研究。在结核病中，感染控制与组织破坏之间存在重要平衡，结核分枝杆菌已制定策略来防止免疫介导的杀菌作用。该策略的核心是抑制巨噬细胞凋亡。因此，新型疫苗的研发应考虑对中心标志物的影响，以便更好地了解免疫调节情况，包括FasL和Bcl-2，它们在细胞凋亡调节中至关重要。
