Jaśkowski Piotr, Slósarek Maciej
Department of Cognitive Psychology, University of Finance and Management, Warszawa, Poland.
Conscious Cogn. 2007 Jun;16(2):485-97. doi: 10.1016/j.concog.2006.06.005. Epub 2006 Aug 17.
Masked stimuli (primes) can affect the preparation of a motor response to subsequently presented target stimuli. Under some conditions, reactions to the main stimulus can be facilitated (straight priming) or inhibited (inverse priming) when preceded by a compatible prime (calling for the same response). In the majority of studies in which inverse priming was demonstrated arrows pointing left or right were used as prime and targets. There is, however, evidence that arrows are special overlearned stimuli which are processed in a favorable way. Here we report three experiments designated to test whether the "arrowness" of primes/targets is a sufficient condition for inverse priming. The results clearly show that although inverse priming appeared when non-arrow shapes were used, the magnitude of the priming effect was larger with arrows. The possible reasons for this effect are discussed.
掩蔽刺激（启动刺激）能够影响对随后呈现的目标刺激做出运动反应的准备过程。在某些条件下，当一个兼容的启动刺激（要求相同反应）出现之后，对主要刺激的反应会得到促进（正向启动）或受到抑制（反向启动）。在大多数证明存在反向启动的研究中，向左或向右的箭头被用作启动刺激和目标刺激。然而，有证据表明箭头是过度学习的特殊刺激，它们以一种有利的方式被处理。在此我们报告了三项实验，旨在测试启动刺激/目标刺激的“箭头特性”是否是反向启动的充分条件。结果清楚地表明，虽然使用非箭头形状时也出现了反向启动，但箭头的启动效应更大。我们讨论了这种效应可能的原因。
