Geller Stacie E, Cox Suzanne M, Callaghan William M, Berg Cynthia J
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 60612, USA.
Womens Health Issues. 2006 Jul-Aug;16(4):176-88. doi: 10.1016/j.whi.2006.06.003.
The Safe Motherhood Initiative is a global effort to reduce deaths and illnesses among women and infants. Despite the relatively low maternal mortality rate in the United States, ensuring safe motherhood is still critical. For several reasons, it is important to study maternal mortality and morbidity. First, the pregnancy-related mortality ratio has not declined; second, evidence suggests that at least half of pregnancy-related deaths may be preventable through changes in patient, provider, or system factors; and third, mortality rates are disproportionately high among certain racial and ethnic groups. In addition, deaths are only the tip of the iceberg: maternal morbidity also represents a huge burden of disease for women and their families. Broadening the research focus and prevention efforts to include the study of maternal morbidity, especially near-miss morbidity-life-threatening morbidity-can strengthen the study of maternal death. This paper presents an overview of maternal mortality and morbidity including incidence and etiology, issues and challenges for measurement, and issues of preventability. We also address specific strategies for change for health care providers, federal and state health agencies, and the public health community.
安全孕产倡议是一项旨在减少妇女和婴儿死亡及疾病的全球行动。尽管美国的孕产妇死亡率相对较低，但确保安全孕产仍然至关重要。出于几个原因，研究孕产妇死亡率和发病率很重要。首先，与妊娠相关的死亡率并未下降；其次，有证据表明，至少一半的与妊娠相关的死亡可通过改变患者、医疗服务提供者或系统因素来预防；第三，某些种族和族裔群体的死亡率过高。此外，死亡只是冰山一角：孕产妇发病率对妇女及其家庭来说也是巨大的疾病负担。将研究重点和预防工作扩大到包括孕产妇发病率的研究，特别是接近死亡的发病率——危及生命的发病率——可以加强对孕产妇死亡的研究。本文概述了孕产妇死亡率和发病率，包括发病率和病因、测量方面的问题和挑战以及可预防性问题。我们还讨论了医疗服务提供者、联邦和州卫生机构以及公共卫生界的具体变革策略。
