Vaartio Heli, Leino-Kilpi Helena, Salanterä Sanna, Suominen Tarja
Department of Nursing Science, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
Scand J Caring Sci. 2006 Sep;20(3):282-92. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-6712.2006.00406.x.
THE STUDY'S RATIONALE: Advocacy is an integral part of nursing. However, there is a scarcity of empirical evidence on nursing advocacy process and most of that evidence concerns nurses' views on the care of certain vulnerable patient groups in acute care settings. Before nursing practice can truly adopt advocacy as an inherent and natural part of nursing, a clearer understanding is needed of how it is defined and what activities are needed to accomplish advocacy.
The aim was to describe the way that nursing advocacy is defined, the activities through which nursing advocacy is accomplished and the way that nursing advocacy is experienced by patients and nurses.
Based on a qualitative approach, the study was limited to adult patients experiencing procedural pain in somatic care. Interviews were conducted in a convenience sample of patients (n = 22) and nurses (n = 21) from four medical and four surgical wards in Finland. A qualitative content analysis of the tape-recorded data was then carried out.
The appropriate ethical principles were followed. All the participants gave their informed consent and formal approval for conducting the research was obtained according to national and local directives.
Nursing advocacy seems to integrate aspects of individuality, professionalism and experiences of empowering, exceptional care. It is not a single event, but a process of analysing, counselling, responding, shielding and whistleblowing activities in clinical nursing practice.
In nursing practice the abstract concept of nursing advocacy finds expression in voicing responsiveness, which integrates an acknowledged professional responsibility for and active involvement in supporting patients' needs and wishes.
本研究的理论依据：倡导是护理工作不可或缺的一部分。然而，关于护理倡导过程的实证证据匮乏，且大部分证据涉及护士对急性护理环境中某些弱势患者群体护理的看法。在护理实践能够真正将倡导作为护理工作固有的自然组成部分之前，需要更清楚地了解倡导是如何定义的，以及实现倡导需要开展哪些活动。
描述护理倡导的定义方式、实现护理倡导的活动以及患者和护士对护理倡导的体验方式。
基于定性研究方法，该研究仅限于在躯体护理中经历程序性疼痛的成年患者。对来自芬兰四个内科和四个外科病房的患者（n = 22）和护士（n = 21）进行了便利抽样访谈。然后对录音数据进行了定性内容分析。
遵循了适当的伦理原则。所有参与者均给予了知情同意，并根据国家和地方法规获得了开展该研究的正式批准。
护理倡导似乎融合了个性、专业精神以及赋权、特殊护理体验等方面。它不是一个单一事件，而是临床护理实践中分析、咨询、回应、保护和揭发检举等活动的过程。
在护理实践中，护理倡导这一抽象概念体现在表达响应性上，它整合了对支持患者需求和愿望的公认专业责任及积极参与。
