Onishchenko G G, Maksimov V A, Vorob'ev A A, Podkuĭko V N, Mel'nikov S A
Vestn Ross Akad Med Nauk. 2006(7):32-8.
Nowadays there are certain facts which evidence the necessity of return to smallpox vaccination in Russia, especially concerning people who will be engaged in the liquidation of the nidi of this infection, should such appear. Smallpox virus is kept in laboratories of some countries; there is a real threat of biological terrorism; population immunity to smallpox infection is virtually absent. Considering the present situation in development and production of smallpox vaccines and remedies against vaccine-related complications, the tactics of population vaccination in Russia may vary. The main problems concerning return to smallpox vaccination in Russia are the following: there are no modern schemes (schedules) of smallpox immunization; there are no currently available and safe vaccines for primary immunization of adults; there are no preparations for prevention and treatment of vaccine-related complications. Thus, the priority areas are: development of effective and safe oral adult vaccines for primary immunization; production of human and heterologous immune globulins and their storage.
如今，有一些事实表明俄罗斯有必要恢复天花疫苗接种，特别是对于那些将参与消除这种感染源（如果出现的话）的人。天花病毒保存在一些国家的实验室中；存在生物恐怖主义的实际威胁；人群对天花感染几乎没有免疫力。考虑到目前天花疫苗及疫苗相关并发症治疗药物的研发和生产情况，俄罗斯的人群疫苗接种策略可能会有所不同。俄罗斯恢复天花疫苗接种的主要问题如下：没有现代的天花免疫接种方案（时间表）；没有可用于成人初次免疫的现有安全疫苗；没有预防和治疗疫苗相关并发症的制剂。因此，优先领域是：开发用于成人初次免疫的有效且安全的口服疫苗；生产人源和异种免疫球蛋白及其储存。
