Magro G, Torrisi A, Ippolito O, Torrisi A, Bisceglia M
Anatomia Patologica, Dipartimento di Anatomia, Patologia Diagnostica, Medicina Legale, Igiene e Sanità Pubblica, Policlinico Universitario, Catania.
Pathologica. 2006 Apr;98(2):119-38.
This review aims to describe and assist in the categorization of most of the unusual non-neoplastic conditions, encountered in the surgical pathology of the thyroid. The conditions included are: normal intrathyroidal vestigial tissues/structures (i.e. rests of the ultimobranchial body and thyroglossal duct) and their relevant pathological derivatives (ultimobranchial body cyst, intrathyroidal lymphoepithelial cyst, thyroglossal duct cyst); mature intrathyroidal heterologous tissues/organs of either metaplastic or heterotopic origin (adipose tissue, striated skeletal muscle, cartilage, parathyroid glands, thymus, salivary gland tissue) and their relevant pseudotumoural lesions; varieties of metaplastic and non-metaplastic morphologic changes of the thyroid follicular epithelium (oncocytic, clear cell/signet ring cell, darkly pigmented cell, mucinous (myxoid), squamous, spindle cell); amyloid goiter; some reactive and/or degenerative cytologic and nuclear atypicalities (nuclear pseudoclearing and cell pleomorphism) as well as some hyperplastic or peculiar growth patterns (capsular pseudoinvasion; vascular invasion; papillary carcinoma-like and paraganglioma-like patterns) of benign conditions mimicking neoplasia; and finally. some pseudotumoural lesions of the stroma (pseudoangiosarcomatous vascular proliferation, and post-fine-needle aspiration spindle cell nodule). The pathogenetic mechanism, the morphologic interpretation, and the differential diagnosis of each of the above-listed conditions are discussed and pertinent illustrations for many of them are also provided. Lesions of thyroid tissue situated outside of the gland itself are not discussed.
本综述旨在描述并协助对甲状腺外科病理学中遇到的大多数不寻常的非肿瘤性疾病进行分类。所涵盖的疾病包括：甲状腺内正常的残留组织/结构（即最后鳃体和甲状舌管的遗迹）及其相关的病理衍生物（最后鳃体囊肿、甲状腺内淋巴上皮囊肿、甲状舌管囊肿）；源于化生或异位的成熟甲状腺内异源性组织/器官（脂肪组织、横纹肌、软骨、甲状旁腺、胸腺、唾液腺组织）及其相关的假瘤性病变；甲状腺滤泡上皮的各种化生和非化生形态学改变（嗜酸性细胞、透明细胞/印戒细胞、深色色素沉着细胞、黏液性（黏液样）、鳞状、梭形细胞）；淀粉样变甲状腺肿；一些反应性和/或退行性细胞学及核异型性（核假透明和细胞多形性）以及一些模仿肿瘤的良性病变的增生性或特殊生长模式（包膜假浸润；血管浸润；乳头状癌样和副神经节瘤样模式）；最后是一些间质的假瘤性病变（假血管肉瘤样血管增生和细针穿刺后梭形细胞结节）。讨论了上述每种疾病的发病机制、形态学解释和鉴别诊断，并提供了许多相关的插图。未讨论甲状腺腺体外的甲状腺组织病变。
