Lappin Joseph S, Shelton Amy L, Rieser John J
Vanderbilt Vision Research Center, Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, 301 Wilson Hall, Nashville, TN 37203, USA.
Percept Psychophys. 2006 May;68(4):571-81. doi: 10.3758/bf03208759.
What properties determine visually perceived space? We discovered that the perceived relative distances of familiar objects in natural settings depended in unexpected ways onthe surrounding visual field. Observers bisected egocentric distances in a lobby, in a hallway, and on an open lawn. Three key findings were the following: (1) Perceived midpoints were too far from the observer, which is the opposite of the common foreshortening effect. (2) This antiforeshortening constant error depended on the environmental setting--greatest in the lobby and hall but nonsignificant on the lawn. (3) Context also affected distance discrimination; variability was greater in the hall than in the lobby or on the lawn. A second experiment replicated these findings, using a method of constant stimuli. Evidently, both the accuracy and the precision of perceived distance depend on subtle properties of the surrounding environment.
哪些属性决定了视觉感知空间？我们发现，在自然环境中，熟悉物体的感知相对距离以意想不到的方式取决于周围的视野。观察者在大堂、走廊和开阔草坪上对自我中心距离进行了二等分。三个关键发现如下：（1）感知中点离观察者太远，这与常见的缩短效应相反。（2）这种反缩短恒定误差取决于环境设置——在大堂和走廊中最大，但在草坪上不显著。（3）环境也会影响距离辨别；走廊中的变异性大于大堂或草坪。第二个实验使用恒定刺激法重复了这些发现。显然，感知距离的准确性和精确性都取决于周围环境的微妙属性。
