Norman J Farley, Dowell Catherine J, Higginbotham Alexia J, Fedorka Nicholas W, Norman Hideko F
Department of Psychological Sciences, Ogden College of Science and Engineering, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY, 42101-2030, USA.
Atten Percept Psychophys. 2018 Nov;80(8):2022-2032. doi: 10.3758/s13414-018-1542-7.
An experiment was conducted to evaluate the ability of 28 younger and older adults to visually bisect distances in depth both indoors and outdoors; half of the observers were male and half were female. Observers viewed 15-m and 30-m distance extents in four different environmental settings (two outdoor grassy fields and an indoor hallway and atrium) and were required to adjust the position of a marker to place it at the midpoint of each stimulus distance interval. Overall, the observers' judgments were more accurate indoors than outdoors. In outdoor environments, many individual observers exhibited perceptual compression of farther distances (e.g., these observers placed the marker closer than the actual physical midpoints of the stimulus distance intervals). There were significant modulatory effects of both age and sex upon the accuracy and precision of the observers' judgments. The judgments of the male observers were more accurate than those of the female observers and they were less influenced by environmental context. In addition, the accuracies of the younger observers' judgments were less influenced by context than those of the older observers. With regard to the precision of the observers' judgments, the older females exhibited much more variability across repeated judgments than the other groups of observers (younger males, younger females, and older males). The results of our study demonstrate that age and sex are important variables that significantly affect the visual perception of distance.
进行了一项实验，以评估28名年轻和年长成年人在室内和室外视觉平分深度距离的能力；观察者中一半为男性，一半为女性。观察者在四种不同的环境设置（两个室外草地、一条室内走廊和一个中庭）中观察15米和30米的距离范围，并被要求调整一个标记的位置，将其置于每个刺激距离间隔的中点。总体而言，观察者在室内的判断比在室外更准确。在室外环境中，许多个体观察者表现出对更远距离的感知压缩（例如，这些观察者将标记放置在比刺激距离间隔的实际物理中点更近的位置）。年龄和性别对观察者判断的准确性和精确性均有显著的调节作用。男性观察者的判断比女性观察者更准确，且他们受环境背景的影响较小。此外，年轻观察者判断的准确性受背景的影响比年长观察者小。关于观察者判断的精确性，年长女性在重复判断中的变异性比其他观察者组（年轻男性、年轻女性和年长男性）大得多。我们的研究结果表明，年龄和性别是显著影响距离视觉感知的重要变量。
