Itoh Toshiki, De Camilli Pietro
Department of Cell Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boyer Center for Molecular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
Biochim Biophys Acta. 2006 Aug;1761(8):897-912. doi: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2006.06.015. Epub 2006 Jul 28.
BAR and ENTH domains are families of alpha-helical lipid bilayer binding modules found in proteins that function in endocytosis, actin regulation and signaling. Several members of these families not only bind the bilayer, but also participate in the regulation of its curvature. These properties are thought to play physiological roles at sites of membrane budding and at other sites where narrow tubular membranes occur in vivo. Studies of BAR and ENTH domains and of their flanking regions have provided new insights into mechanisms of membrane deformation and curvature sensing, and have emphasized the importance of amphipathic helices, thought to intercalate in one of the leaflets of the lipid bilayer, in the generation of membrane curvature. Structural studies and database searches are rapidly expanding the BAR and ENTH domains families, with the identification of new related domains and subfamilies, such as F-BAR (also called EFC) domains and ANTH domains, respectively. Here we present a short overview of the properties of these domains based on evidence obtained from genetics, cell biology, biochemistry and structural biology.
BAR结构域和ENTH结构域是α-螺旋脂质双层结合模块家族，存在于参与内吞作用、肌动蛋白调节和信号传导的蛋白质中。这些家族的几个成员不仅能结合脂质双层，还参与其曲率的调节。这些特性被认为在体内膜出芽部位以及其他出现狭窄管状膜的部位发挥生理作用。对BAR结构域和ENTH结构域及其侧翼区域的研究为膜变形和曲率感知机制提供了新的见解，并强调了两亲性螺旋在膜曲率产生中的重要性，两亲性螺旋被认为插入脂质双层的其中一个小叶中。结构研究和数据库搜索正在迅速扩展BAR结构域和ENTH结构域家族，分别鉴定出了新的相关结构域和亚家族，如F-BAR（也称为EFC）结构域和ANTH结构域。在此，我们基于遗传学、细胞生物学、生物化学和结构生物学获得的证据，对这些结构域的特性进行简要概述。
