Hattori Yuko, Kuroshima Hika, Fujita Kazuo
Department of Psychology, Graduate School of Letters, Kyoto University, Yoshida-honmachi, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
Anim Cogn. 2007 Apr;10(2):141-8. doi: 10.1007/s10071-006-0049-0. Epub 2006 Aug 31.
The present study asked whether capuchin monkeys recognize human attentional states. The monkeys requested food from the experimenter by extending an arm (pointing) toward the baited one of two transparent cups. On regular trials the experimenter gave the food immediately to the monkeys upon pointing but on randomly inserted test trials she ignored the pointing for 5 s during which she displayed different attentional states. The monkeys looked at the experimenter's face longer when she looked at the monkeys than when she looked at the ceiling in Experiment 1, and longer when she oriented her head midway between the two cups with eyes open than when she did so with eyes closed in Experiment 2. However, the monkeys showed no differential pointing in these conditions. These results suggest that capuchins are sensitive to eye direction but this sensitivity does not lead to differential pointing trained in laboratory experiments. Furthermore, to our knowledge, this is the first firm behavioral evidence that non-human primates attend to the subtle states of eyes in a food requesting task.
本研究探讨了卷尾猴是否能识别人类的注意力状态。猴子通过向两个透明杯子中装有诱饵的那个伸出手臂（指）向实验者索要食物。在常规试验中，实验者在猴子指向后立即给它们食物，但在随机插入的测试试验中，她会在5秒钟内忽略指向动作，在此期间她表现出不同的注意力状态。在实验1中，当实验者看着猴子时，猴子看她脸的时间比她看天花板时更长；在实验2中，当她睁着眼睛将头转向两个杯子中间时，猴子看她的时间比她闭着眼睛这样做时更长。然而，在这些条件下猴子并没有表现出不同的指向行为差异。这些结果表明，卷尾猴对眼睛方向敏感，但这种敏感性并不会导致在实验室实验中训练出的不同指向行为。此外，据我们所知这是第一个确凿的行为证据，证明非人类灵长类动物在食物索要任务中会关注眼睛的微妙状态
