Cutler Roy G, Mattson Mark P
Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
Ageing Res Rev. 2006 Aug;5(3):221-38. doi: 10.1016/j.arr.2006.05.002. Epub 2006 Sep 6.
The aging process is evolutionarily conserved and subject to quantitative modification by both genetic and environmental factors. Fundamental mechanisms of aging result in progressive deficits in the function of cells and organs, often leading to diseases that ultimately kill the organism such as cancers, cardiovascular disease and neurodegenerative disorders. Oxidative stress and damage to all of the major classes of molecules in cells are involved in aging and age-related diseases. The widely pursued approach of targeting disease-specific processes to develop therapeutic interventions has not had a major impact on healthspan. A more productive approach would be to target the fundamental mechanisms of aging throughout adult life so as to extend healthspan. Caloric restriction and regular exercise are two such approaches.
衰老过程在进化上是保守的，并且受到遗传和环境因素的定量修饰。衰老的基本机制导致细胞和器官功能逐渐衰退，常常引发最终导致生物体死亡的疾病，如癌症、心血管疾病和神经退行性疾病。氧化应激以及细胞中所有主要分子类别的损伤都与衰老和与年龄相关的疾病有关。广泛采用的针对疾病特定过程开发治疗干预措施的方法对健康寿命并未产生重大影响。一种更有效的方法是在成年期全程针对衰老的基本机制，以延长健康寿命。热量限制和定期锻炼就是两种这样的方法。
