Nolte-Ernsting Claus, Cowan Nigel
Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
Eur Radiol. 2006 Dec;16(12):2670-86. doi: 10.1007/s00330-006-0386-z. Epub 2006 Sep 5.
CT urography has emerged as a serious alternative to conventional urography by utilizing the advantages of modern multislice CT techniques for the visualization of the entire upper urinary tract. Several different examination techniques have been developed in multislice CT (MSCT) urography for improving the opacification and distension of the urinary tract. All efforts in performing MSCT urography have to compromise between the best possible image quality and a reasonably low radiation exposure. Initial low-dose examination protocols are already available. Operating modern MSCT urography properly is not difficult, but it presupposes basic knowledge on the variety of current MSCT urography techniques, including such issues as present-day indications, split-bolus injection, compression, saline infusion, low-dose diuretic administration, hybrid scanning, timing of the acquisition delay, examination protocols, postprocessing, image analysis, and radiation exposure. This article is not intended to provide guidelines of how to conduct MSCT urography, but everyone will be able to understand the functionality of several robust operating MSCT urography techniques, which helps making an individual selection for the clinical practice. In the near future, systematic studies are awaited evaluating the morphologic and diagnostic accuracy of MSCT urography regarding diverse urinary tract disorders.
CT尿路造影通过利用现代多层CT技术的优势来可视化整个上尿路，已成为传统尿路造影的一种重要替代方法。多层CT（MSCT）尿路造影已开发出几种不同的检查技术，以改善尿路的显影和扩张。进行MSCT尿路造影的所有努力都必须在尽可能好的图像质量和合理低的辐射暴露之间做出妥协。初始低剂量检查方案已经可用。正确操作现代MSCT尿路造影并不困难，但它需要具备有关当前各种MSCT尿路造影技术的基本知识，包括当今的适应症、团注分割注射、压迫、盐水灌注、低剂量利尿剂给药、混合扫描、采集延迟时间、检查方案、后处理、图像分析和辐射暴露等问题。本文并非旨在提供如何进行MSCT尿路造影的指南，但每个人都将能够理解几种可靠的MSCT尿路造影操作技术的功能，这有助于在临床实践中进行个人选择。在不久的将来，期待有系统的研究来评估MSCT尿路造影在各种尿路疾病方面的形态学和诊断准确性。
