Nijs Kristel A N D, de Graaf Cees, Siebelink Els, Blauw Ybel H, Vanneste Vincent, Kok Frans J, van Staveren Wija A
Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, The Netherlands.
J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2006 Sep;61(9):935-42. doi: 10.1093/gerona/61.9.935.
Social facilitation and meal ambiance have beneficial effects on food intake in healthy adults. Extrapolation to the nursing home setting may lead to less malnutrition among the residents. Therefore, we investigate the effect of family-style meals on energy intake and the risk of malnutrition in Dutch nursing home residents.
In 2002 and 2003, a randomized controlled trial was conducted among 178 residents (mean age 77 years) in five Dutch nursing homes. Within each home, two wards were randomized into an intervention (n = 94) and a control group (n = 84). For 6 months, the intervention group received their meals family style, and the control group received the usual individual preplating services. Outcome measures were intakes of energy (kJ), carbohydrates (g), fat (g), and protein (g) and Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) score (0-30).
The change in daily energy intake between the control and intervention group differed significantly (991 kJ; 95% confidence interval [CI], 504-1479). The difference in intake of macronutrients was 29.2 g (95% CI, 13.5-44.9) for carbohydrate, 9.1 g (95% CI, 2.9-15.2) for fat, and 8.6 g (95% CI, 3.4-13.6) for protein. The percentage of residents in the intervention group classified by the MNA as malnourished decreased from 17% to 4%, whereas this percentage increased from 11% to 23% in the control group.
Family-style meals stimulate daily energy intake and protect nursing home residents against malnourishment. Therefore, replacement of the preplating meal services with family-style meals in nursing homes is recommended.
社会促进作用和用餐氛围对健康成年人的食物摄入量有有益影响。将其推断至养老院环境可能会减少住客的营养不良情况。因此，我们研究家庭式用餐对荷兰养老院住客能量摄入及营养不良风险的影响。
2002年和2003年，在荷兰五家养老院的178名住客（平均年龄77岁）中进行了一项随机对照试验。在每家养老院中，两个病房被随机分为干预组（n = 94）和对照组（n = 84）。为期6个月，干预组接受家庭式用餐，对照组接受常规的个人分餐服务。观察指标为能量（千焦）、碳水化合物（克）、脂肪（克）和蛋白质（克）的摄入量以及简易营养评估（MNA）评分（0 - 30）。
对照组和干预组之间每日能量摄入量的变化有显著差异（991千焦；95%置信区间[CI]，504 - 1479）。宏量营养素摄入量的差异为：碳水化合物29.2克（95% CI，13.5 - 44.9），脂肪9.1克（95% CI，2.9 - 15.2），蛋白质8.6克（95% CI，3.4 - 13.6）。干预组中被MNA归类为营养不良的住客比例从17%降至4%，而对照组中这一比例从11%升至23%。
家庭式用餐可促进每日能量摄入并保护养老院住客免受营养不良之害。因此，建议养老院将分餐服务替换为家庭式用餐。
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