Lin W-Q, Wang H H X, Yuan L-X, Li B, Jing M-J, Luo J-L, Tang J, Ye B-K, Wang P-X
Pei-Xi Wang, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510180, China,
J Nutr Health Aging. 2017;21(9):943-953. doi: 10.1007/s12603-017-0881-8.
The associations between nutritional status and lifestyle factors have not been well established. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of poor nutrition and to examine the relationships between nutritional status and unhealthy lifestyle and other related factors among the elderly.
This cross-sectional study was conducted in Liaobu Town, Dongguan city, China. A total of 708 community-dwelling older adults aged ≥60 years were recruited by stratified random sampling. Data on sociodemographic characteristics, health and lifestyle factors, and the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) scores were collected using structured questionnaires via face-to-face interviews. A multivariate logistic regression model was constructed to identify the risk factors of poor nutrition.
The prevalence of malnutrition among the elderly adults in this study was 1.3%, and 24.4% were at risk of malnutrition (RM). Poor nutrition was significantly associated with female gender, older age, lower education, a high number of self-reported chronic diseases, and hospitalization in the last year. Unhealthy lifestyle factors associated with poor nutrition included current smoking status, higher alcohol consumption, lack of physical activity, longer duration of sitting, negative attitude towards life, and a poor family relationship.
While the prevalence of malnutrition was low, RM was high in the elderly population in China. The determinants of malnutrition were explored and the relationships between nutritional status and unhealthy lifestyle factors were examined. The results of this study provide information for future longitudinal studies with multi-factorial interventional design in order to determine the effects of the causal relationships.
营养状况与生活方式因素之间的关联尚未完全明确。本研究旨在调查营养不良的患病率，并探讨老年人营养状况与不健康生活方式及其他相关因素之间的关系。
本横断面研究在中国东莞市寮步镇开展。通过分层随机抽样招募了708名年龄≥60岁的社区居住老年人。通过面对面访谈，使用结构化问卷收集社会人口学特征、健康和生活方式因素以及微型营养评定法（MNA）评分的数据。构建多因素逻辑回归模型以确定营养不良的危险因素。
本研究中老年人的营养不良患病率为1.3%，24.4%存在营养不良风险（RM）。营养不良与女性、高龄、低教育水平、自述慢性病数量多以及去年住院显著相关。与营养不良相关的不健康生活方式因素包括当前吸烟状况、饮酒量较高、缺乏体育活动、久坐时间较长、对生活的消极态度以及家庭关系不佳。
虽然中国老年人群中营养不良的患病率较低，但RM较高。本研究探讨了营养不良的决定因素，并研究了营养状况与不健康生活方式因素之间的关系。本研究结果为未来采用多因素干预设计的纵向研究提供了信息，以便确定因果关系的影响。
