Manning Melanie A, Eugene Hoyme H
Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5208, USA.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2007;31(2):230-8. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2006.06.016. Epub 2006 Sep 7.
In utero exposure to alcohol can have numerous adverse effects on a developing fetus. These effects represent a spectrum of structural anomalies and neurocognitive and behavioral disabilities that have recently been termed fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). Children at the most severe end of this spectrum and displaying the complete phenotype of characteristic facial anomalies, growth retardation and developmental abnormalities of the central nervous system are defined as having fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). While FAS is the most readily clinically recognized form of FASD, other categories within the continuum of adverse effects due to prenatal alcohol exposure are becoming better defined. These include partial fetal alcohol syndrome (PFAS), alcohol-related birth defects (ARBD) and alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder (ARND). As more is learned regarding the exact manifestations of alcohol on brain development, these classifications may be expanded and/or refined. Because FASD represents a major public health concern, early recognition of at-risk children is important for initiating interventional strategies. Thus, the purpose of this report is to educate practicing physicians about the recognizable phenotypes of FASD in order to accurately identify these children and implement the most appropriate management plans.
子宫内酒精暴露会对发育中的胎儿产生诸多不良影响。这些影响表现为一系列结构异常以及神经认知和行为障碍，最近被称为胎儿酒精谱系障碍（FASD）。处于该谱系最严重一端且表现出典型面部异常、生长发育迟缓以及中枢神经系统发育异常完整表型的儿童被定义为患有胎儿酒精综合征（FAS）。虽然FAS是临床上最容易识别的FASD形式，但由于产前酒精暴露导致的一系列不良影响中的其他类别也正得到更明确的界定。这些包括部分胎儿酒精综合征（PFAS）、酒精相关出生缺陷（ARBD）和酒精相关神经发育障碍（ARND）。随着对酒精对大脑发育的确切表现了解得越来越多，这些分类可能会扩大和/或完善。由于FASD是一个重大的公共卫生问题，早期识别高危儿童对于启动干预策略很重要。因此，本报告的目的是教育执业医师了解FASD的可识别表型，以便准确识别这些儿童并实施最合适的管理计划。
