Alexy Eileen M, Hutchins Joseph A
The College of New Jersey School of Nursing, Box 7718, Ewing, NJ 08628-0718, USA.
Crit Care Nurs Clin North Am. 2006 Sep;18(3):305-12. doi: 10.1016/j.ccell.2006.05.014.
This review illustrates the various types of workplace violence nurses can encounter in critical care settings. Lack of a clear definition of workplace violence impedes research on the topic; however, the typology offered by the UIIPRC provides a framework to guide further studies of physical and nonphysical workplace violence. Further investigation of individual and organizational factors will assist nurses and agencies in identifying effective methods to manage, prevent, educate, and respond to each type of workplace violence. Fear, burnout, anxiety, depression, and acute and posttraumatic stress disorders are some of the sequelae that can occur after an incident of workplace violence. Debriefing strategies should be a fundamental component of workplace violence policies to prevent the development of longterm consequences. Additional research is needed on all types of workplace violence, as well as research addressing the needs of specialized setting, such as critical care unit. Critical care nurses have valuable insights regarding the risks they face on their units and should be part of a multidisciplinary team developing policies and workplace violence prevention and education programs.
本综述阐述了护士在重症监护环境中可能遭遇的各类工作场所暴力。对工作场所暴力缺乏明确的定义阻碍了该主题的研究；然而，美国职业安全与健康研究所（UIIPRC）提供的类型学为进一步研究身体暴力和非身体暴力的工作场所暴力提供了一个框架。对个体和组织因素的进一步调查将有助于护士和机构确定有效的管理、预防、教育方法以及应对每种工作场所暴力的措施。恐惧、倦怠、焦虑、抑郁以及急性和创伤后应激障碍是工作场所暴力事件后可能出现的一些后遗症。汇报策略应成为工作场所暴力政策的基本组成部分，以防止长期后果的产生。需要对各类工作场所暴力进行更多研究，以及针对特殊环境（如重症监护病房）的需求开展研究。重症监护护士对其所在病房面临的风险有着宝贵的见解，应成为制定政策以及工作场所暴力预防和教育项目的多学科团队的一员。
