Stein George Juraj, Múcka Peter, Chmúrny Rudolf, Hinz Barbara, Blüthner Ralph
Institute of Materials and Machine Mechanics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Racianska 75, SK-831 02 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
J Biomech. 2007;40(7):1493-503. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2006.06.012. Epub 2006 Sep 7.
For modelling purposes and for evaluation of driver's seat performance in the vertical direction various mechano-mathematical models of the seated human body have been developed and standardized by the ISO. No such models exist hitherto for human body sitting in an upright position in a cushioned seat upper part, used in industrial environment, where the fore-and-aft vibrations play an important role. The interaction with the steering wheel has to be taken into consideration, as well as, the position of the human body upper torso with respect to the cushioned seat back as observed in real driving conditions. This complex problem has to be simplified first to arrive at manageable simpler models, which still reflect the main problem features. In a laboratory study accelerations and forces in x-direction were measured at the seat base during whole-body vibration in the fore-and-aft direction (random signal in the frequency range between 0.3 and 30 Hz, vibration magnitudes 0.28, 0.96, and 2.03 ms(-2) unweighted rms). Thirteen male subjects with body masses between 62.2 and 103.6 kg were chosen for the tests. They sat on a cushioned driver seat with hands on a support and backrest contact in the lumbar region only. Based on these laboratory measurements a linear model of the system-seated human body and cushioned seat in the fore-and-aft direction has been developed. The model accounts for the reaction from the steering wheel. Model parameters have been identified for each subject-measured apparent mass values (modulus and phase). The developed model structure and the averaged parameters can be used for further bio-dynamical research in this field.
出于建模目的以及评估驾驶员座椅在垂直方向上的性能,国际标准化组织(ISO)已经开发并标准化了各种坐姿人体的机械数学模型。然而,对于在工业环境中使用的、靠垫座椅上部处于直立位置且前后振动起重要作用的人体,目前尚无此类模型。必须考虑与方向盘的相互作用,以及在实际驾驶条件下观察到的人体上半身相对于靠垫座椅靠背的位置。为了得到可管理的更简单模型,这个复杂问题首先必须简化,这些模型仍能反映主要问题特征。在一项实验室研究中,在前后方向的全身振动(频率范围为0.3至30Hz的随机信号,振动幅度为0.28、0.96和2.03ms(-2)未加权均方根)过程中,测量了座椅底座在x方向上的加速度和力。选择了13名体重在62.2至103.6kg之间的男性受试者进行测试。他们坐在带靠垫的驾驶员座椅上,双手放在支撑物上,仅腰部与靠背接触。基于这些实验室测量结果,开发了系统(坐姿人体和带靠垫座椅)在前后方向上的线性模型。该模型考虑了来自方向盘的反应。已经为每个受试者测量的表观质量值(模量和相位)确定了模型参数。所开发的模型结构和平均参数可用于该领域的进一步生物动力学研究。