Frantz A C, Pourtois J Tigel, Heuertz M, Schley L, Flamand M C, Krier A, Bertouille S, Chaumont F, Burke T
Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK.
Mol Ecol. 2006 Oct;15(11):3191-203. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2006.03022.x.
Molecular forensic methods are being increasingly used to help enforce wildlife conservation laws. Using multilocus genotyping, illegal translocation of an animal can be demonstrated by excluding all potential source populations as an individual's population of origin. Here, we illustrate how this approach can be applied to a large continuous population by defining the population genetic structure and excluding suspect animals from each identified cluster. We aimed to test the hypothesis that recreational hunters had illegally introduced a group of red deer into a hunting area in Luxembourg. Reference samples were collected over a large area in order to test the possibility that the suspect individuals might be recent immigrants. Due to isolation-by-distance relationships in the data set, inferring the number of genetic clusters using Bayesian methods was not straightforward. Biologically meaningful clusters were only obtained by simultaneously analysing spatial and genetic information using the program baps 4.1. We inferred the presence of three genetic clusters in the study region. Using partial Mantel tests, we detected barriers to gene flow other than distance, probably created by a combination of urban areas, motorways and a river valley used for viticulture. The four focal animals could be excluded with a high certainty from the three genetic subpopulations and it was therefore likely that they had been released illegally.
分子法医方法正越来越多地被用于协助执行野生动物保护法。通过多基因座基因分型，排除某个体所有可能的来源种群作为其起源种群，就可以证明动物的非法转移。在此，我们通过定义种群遗传结构并将可疑动物从每个识别出的集群中排除，来说明这种方法如何应用于一个大型连续种群。我们旨在检验这样一个假设：休闲猎人非法将一群马鹿引入了卢森堡的一个狩猎区。在大面积区域收集了参考样本，以检验可疑个体可能是近期迁入者的可能性。由于数据集中存在距离隔离关系，使用贝叶斯方法推断遗传集群的数量并非易事。只有通过使用程序baps 4.1同时分析空间和遗传信息，才能获得具有生物学意义的集群。我们推断研究区域存在三个遗传集群。通过部分曼特尔检验，我们检测到除距离之外的基因流动障碍，这些障碍可能是由城市地区、高速公路和一个用于葡萄种植的河谷共同造成的。这四只重点关注的动物可以高度确定地被排除在这三个遗传亚种群之外，因此它们很可能是被非法放生的。
