Swain S, Harnik T, Mejia-Chang M, Hayden K, Bakx W, Creque J, Garbelotto M
Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3110, USA.
J Appl Microbiol. 2006 Oct;101(4):815-27. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2006.03008.x.
To determine the effects of heat and composting treatments on the viability of the plant pathogen Phytophthora ramorum grown on both artificial and various natural substrates.
Phytophthora ramorum was grown on V8 agar, inoculated on bay laurel leaves (Umbellularia californica) and on woody tissues of coast live oak (Quercus agrifolia). Effects on growth, viability and survival were measured as a result of treatment in ovens and compost piles. Direct plating onto PARP medium and pear-baiting techniques were used to determine post-treatment viability. No P. ramorum was recovered at the end of the composting process, regardless of the isolation technique used. By using a PCR assay designed to detect the DNA of P. ramorum, we were able to conclude the pathogen was absent from mature compost and not merely suppressed or dormant.
Some heat and composting treatments eliminate P. ramorum to lower than detectable levels on all substrates tested.
Composting is an effective treatment option for sanitization of P. ramorum-infected plant material. Assaying for pathogen viability in compost requires a direct test capable of differentiating between pathogen suppression and pathogen elimination.
确定加热和堆肥处理对在人工及多种天然基质上生长的植物病原菌栎树猝死病菌（Phytophthora ramorum）活力的影响。
将栎树猝死病菌接种在V8琼脂培养基上，然后接种到月桂叶（加州月桂，Umbellularia californica）和海岸活栎（加州栎，Quercus agrifolia）的木质组织上。通过在烤箱和堆肥堆中进行处理，测定对其生长、活力和存活的影响。采用直接接种到PARP培养基和梨诱饵技术来测定处理后的活力。无论采用何种分离技术，在堆肥过程结束时均未检测到栎树猝死病菌。通过使用旨在检测栎树猝死病菌DNA的聚合酶链反应（PCR）分析，我们能够得出结论，成熟堆肥中不存在该病原菌，而不仅仅是受到抑制或处于休眠状态。
某些加热和堆肥处理可将栎树猝死病菌减少至低于在所有测试基质上可检测的水平。
堆肥是对感染栎树猝死病菌的植物材料进行消毒的有效处理方法。检测堆肥中病原菌的活力需要一种能够区分病原菌抑制和病原菌消除的直接测试方法。
