Geier Mark S, Butler Ross N, Howarth Gordon S
Centre for Paediatric and Adolescent Gastroenterology, Children, Youth and Women's Health Service, North Adelaide, South Australia.
Cancer Biol Ther. 2006 Oct;5(10):1265-9. doi: 10.4161/cbt.5.10.3296. Epub 2006 Oct 19.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common form of cancer. Current treatments including chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery are all associated with a high risk of complications and are not always successful, highlighting the need to develop new treatment strategies. The ingestion of probiotics, prebiotics or combinations of both (synbiotics) represents a novel new therapeutic option. Probiotics and prebiotics act to alter the intestinal microflora by increasing concentrations of beneficial bacteria such as lactobacillus and bifidobacteria, and reducing the levels of pathogenic micro-organisms. This strategy has the potential to inhibit the development and progression of neoplasia via mechanisms including; decreased intestinal inflammation, enhanced immune function and anti-tumorigenic activity, binding to potential food carcinogens including toxins found in meat products, and a reduction in bacterial enzymes which hydrolyse precarcinogenic compounds, such as beta-glucuronidase. There is substantial experimental evidence to suggest that probiotics and prebiotics may be beneficial in the prevention and treatment of colon cancer, however to date there have been few conclusive human trials. Probiotics and prebiotics have the potential to impact significantly on the development, progression and treatment of colorectal cancer and may have a valuable role in cancer prevention.
结直肠癌（CRC）是第三大常见癌症。目前的治疗方法包括化疗、放疗和手术，这些都与高并发症风险相关，且并非总是成功，这凸显了开发新治疗策略的必要性。摄入益生菌、益生元或两者的组合（合生元）代表了一种全新的治疗选择。益生菌和益生元通过增加有益细菌（如乳酸杆菌和双歧杆菌）的浓度以及降低致病微生物的水平来改变肠道微生物群。该策略有可能通过以下机制抑制肿瘤形成和发展：减轻肠道炎症、增强免疫功能和抗肿瘤活性、与潜在的食物致癌物（包括肉类产品中的毒素）结合，以及减少水解致癌前体化合物的细菌酶（如β-葡萄糖醛酸酶）。有大量实验证据表明益生菌和益生元可能对结肠癌的预防和治疗有益，然而迄今为止，确凿的人体试验很少。益生菌和益生元有可能对结直肠癌的发生、发展和治疗产生重大影响，并且可能在癌症预防中发挥重要作用。
