Simpson Elizabeth
MRC Clinical Sciences Center, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK.
Immunol Rev. 2006 Oct;213:12-22. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-065X.2006.00434.x.
Intimations of immunological privilege in sites of the body such as the eye and the brain go back in the literature more than a century, to reports of experiments using outbred animals and tumor transplants. The starting points of this review, however, are publications stemming from the transplantation of normal tissues and, as far as possible, the use of inbred animals, exploring the way in which interplay between genetic differences of different degree, from single minor histocompatibility antigens to full-house major histocompatibility complex mismatches, has been reported to affect the 'take' of grafts in putatively privileged sites. While these sites traditionally included the brain, the eye, the pregnancy, and the endocrine tissues such as thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, and islets of Langerhans, from readings of the literature, it is clear that the eye and the pregnancy have claims to being in the strongest positions of privilege. Even then, the position is precarious, with stirrings of the adaptive immune system poised to attack. Various regulatory mechanisms have now moved center stage and will undoubtedly form a significant part in subsequent chapters in this volume. Perhaps surprisingly, as investigations on these mechanisms have advanced, there is evidence for the convergence of those mechanisms controlling both induced tolerance and immunological privilege.
身体某些部位（如眼睛和大脑）存在免疫赦免的迹象，在文献中可以追溯到一个多世纪以前，当时有关于使用远交动物和肿瘤移植的实验报告。然而，本综述的起点是源自正常组织移植的出版物，并尽可能使用近交动物，探讨从单个次要组织相容性抗原到完全不匹配的主要组织相容性复合体等不同程度的基因差异之间的相互作用据报道如何影响假定的赦免部位中移植物的“存活”。虽然这些部位传统上包括大脑、眼睛、妊娠以及甲状腺、甲状旁腺、肾上腺和胰岛等内分泌组织，但从文献阅读中可以清楚地看出，眼睛和妊娠在赦免的最强地位方面有一定的依据。即便如此，这种地位也不稳定，适应性免疫系统随时准备发动攻击。各种调节机制现在已成为核心内容，无疑将在本卷后续章节中占据重要部分。也许令人惊讶的是，随着对这些机制的研究不断深入，有证据表明控制诱导耐受和免疫赦免的机制正在趋同。
