Mrass Paulus, Weninger Wolfgang
Immunology Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Immunol Rev. 2006 Oct;213:195-212. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-065X.2006.00433.x.
Certain organs, such as the brain, eye, and gonads, are particularly sensitive to damage by inflammation. Therefore, these tissues have developed unique immunological properties that curtail inflammatory responses, a phenomenon termed immune privilege. In addition, by co-opting some of the regulatory cues operant in immune privilege in normal organs, tumors can evade immunosurveillance. While many different mechanisms contribute to immune privilege, there is evidence that leukocyte migration is an important checkpoint in its control. This hypothesis is based on the fact that leukocyte entry into these organs is restricted by physical barriers and that the collapse of these obstacles marks a critical step in the development of inflammatory/autoimmune disease at these sites. Numerous studies in a variety of experimental systems have characterized the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in leukocyte homing to immune-privileged organs. Recently, two-photon microscopy has revealed critical insights into the events occurring in the extravascular space of immune-privileged organs, including locomotion patterns and interactive behavior of leukocytes in the interstitial space. Here, we review our current understanding of immune cell migration to and within immune-privileged organs and highlight how this knowledge may be exploited for immunotherapeutic purposes.
某些器官，如大脑、眼睛和性腺，对炎症损伤特别敏感。因此，这些组织发展出了独特的免疫特性来抑制炎症反应，这一现象被称为免疫赦免。此外，肿瘤通过利用正常器官中免疫赦免所起作用的一些调节信号，能够逃避免疫监视。虽然有许多不同的机制促成免疫赦免，但有证据表明白细胞迁移是其控制中的一个重要关卡。这一假说基于以下事实：白细胞进入这些器官受到物理屏障的限制，而这些障碍的瓦解是这些部位发生炎症/自身免疫性疾病的关键步骤。在各种实验系统中的大量研究已经阐明了白细胞归巢至免疫赦免器官所涉及的分子和细胞机制。最近，双光子显微镜已经揭示了关于免疫赦免器官血管外空间中发生的事件的关键见解，包括白细胞在间质空间中的运动模式和相互作用行为。在这里，我们综述了目前对免疫细胞迁移至免疫赦免器官并在其中迁移的理解，并强调了如何利用这些知识用于免疫治疗目的。
