Crispe Ian N, Giannandrea Matthew, Klein Ingo, John Beena, Sampson Bradford, Wuensch Sherry
The Liver Immunobiology Program, David H Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, The University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
Immunol Rev. 2006 Oct;213:101-18. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-065X.2006.00435.x.
The liver exhibits a distinctive form of immune privilege, termed liver tolerance, in which orthotopic liver transplantation results in systemic donor-specific T-cell tolerance, while antigens introduced either into hepatocytes or via the portal vein also cause tolerance. Here we argue that the fundamental mechanism driving liver tolerance is likely to be the continuous exposure of diverse liver cell types to endotoxin, derived from the intestinal bacteria. This exposure promotes the expression of a set of cytokines, antigen-presenting molecules, and costimulatory signals that impose T-cell inactivation, partly via effects on liver antigen-presenting cells. The evidence favors clonal deletion mechanisms and is consistent with a role for regulatory T cells but does not support either anergy or immune deviation as important factors in liver tolerance.
肝脏表现出一种独特的免疫赦免形式，称为肝脏耐受性，其中原位肝移植会导致全身性供体特异性T细胞耐受，而引入肝细胞或通过门静脉引入的抗原也会引发耐受。我们认为，驱动肝脏耐受性的基本机制可能是多种肝细胞类型持续暴露于源自肠道细菌的内毒素。这种暴露促进了一组细胞因子、抗原呈递分子和共刺激信号的表达，这些信号部分通过对肝脏抗原呈递细胞的作用使T细胞失活。证据支持克隆清除机制，与调节性T细胞的作用一致，但不支持无反应性或免疫偏离是肝脏耐受性的重要因素。
