Onrust Simone, Cuijpers Pim, Smit Filip, Bohlmeijer Ernst
Department of Prevention and Early Intervention, Trimbos Institute (Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction), Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Int Psychogeriatr. 2007 Oct;19(5):921-34. doi: 10.1017/S1041610206004248. Epub 2006 Sep 14.
The impact of spousal bereavement on mental health varies among the widowed. More information is needed on factors influencing bereavement outcome.
We conducted a cross-sectional study on a sample of 216 widowed individuals. Initial non-response was high, with only 8% of all approached persons participating in the study. The influence of demographic and psychosocial predictors on four general outcome measures (depression, anxiety, somatization, and quality of life) and one loss-related outcome (complicated grief) was studied by means of backward linear regression analysis. Further analyses were performed to explore the possibility of a buffer effect.
Depressive symptomatology was best predicted by: age, duration of widowhood, perceived non-supportiveness, physical disorders, and mastery. The other outcome measures were predicted by the same predictors supplemented by gender and education. Mastery interacted with the number of physical disorders while perceived social support interacted with duration of widowhood and age.
Enhancement of mastery should probably be one of the components of effective support for widowed individuals most vulnerable to psychiatric complications. The widowed could furthermore benefit from social support. Obviously, these suggestions need to be further examined in longitudinal research with more representative samples.
配偶丧亡对心理健康的影响在丧偶者中因人而异。需要更多关于影响丧亲结果因素的信息。
我们对216名丧偶个体进行了一项横断面研究。初始无应答率很高，所有被接触者中只有8%参与了研究。通过向后线性回归分析研究了人口统计学和心理社会预测因素对四种一般结果指标（抑郁、焦虑、躯体化和生活质量）以及一种与丧失相关的结果（复杂性悲伤）的影响。进行了进一步分析以探讨缓冲效应的可能性。
抑郁症状最能由以下因素预测：年龄、丧偶持续时间、感知到的不支持、身体疾病和掌控感。其他结果指标由相同的预测因素加上性别和教育程度来预测。掌控感与身体疾病数量相互作用，而感知到的社会支持与丧偶持续时间和年龄相互作用。
增强掌控感可能是对最易出现精神并发症的丧偶个体进行有效支持的组成部分之一。丧偶者还可从社会支持中受益。显然，这些建议需要在更具代表性样本的纵向研究中进一步检验。
