Wanke Stefan, Jaramillo M Alejandra, Borsch Thomas, Samain Marie-Stéphanie, Quandt Dietmar, Neinhuis Christoph
Institut für Botanik, Plant Phylogenetics and Phylogenomics Group, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany.
Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2007 Feb;42(2):477-97. doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2006.07.007. Epub 2006 Jul 26.
Piperales represent the largest basal angiosperm order with a nearly worldwide distribution. The order includes three species rich genera, Piper (ca. 2000 species), Peperomia (ca. 1500-1700 species), and Aristolochia s. l. (ca. 500 species). Sequences of the matK gene and the non-coding trnK group II intron are analysed for a dense set of 105 taxa representing all families (except Hydnoraceae) and all generic segregates (except Euglypha within Aristolochiaceae) of Piperales. A large number of highly informative indels are found in the Piperales trnK/matK dataset. Within a narrow region approximately 500 nt downstream in the matK coding region (CDS), a length variable simple sequence repeat (SSR) expansion segment occurs, in which insertions and deletions have led to short frame-shifts. These are corrected shortly afterwards, resulting in a maximum of six amino acids being affected. Furthermore, additional non-functional matK copies were found in Zippelia begoniifolia, which can easily be discriminated from the functional open reading frame (ORF). The trnK/matK sequence data fully resolve relationships within Peperomia, whereas they are not effective within Piper. The resolution contrast is correlated with the rate heterogeneity between those lineages. Parsimony, Bayesian and likelihood analyses result in virtually the same topology, and converge on the monophyly of Piperaceae and Saururaceae. Lactoris gains high support as sister to Aristolochiaceae subf. Aristolochioideae, but the different tree inference methods yield conflicting results with respect to the relationships of subfam. Asaroideae. In Piperaceae, a clade formed by the monotypic genus Zippelia and the small genus Manekia (=Sarcorhachis) is sister to the two large genera Piper and Peperomia.
胡椒目是最大的基部被子植物目，分布几乎遍及全球。该目包括三个物种丰富的属，即胡椒属（约2000种）、草胡椒属（约1500 - 1700种）和广义马兜铃属（约500种）。对代表胡椒目所有科（除菌花科）和所有属级分类群（除马兜铃科内的优格壶菌属）的105个分类单元的密集集合进行了matK基因和非编码trnK组II内含子序列分析。在胡椒目trnK/matK数据集中发现了大量高信息量的插入缺失。在matK编码区（CDS）下游约500 nt的一个狭窄区域内，出现了一个长度可变的简单序列重复（SSR）扩展片段，其中插入和缺失导致了短的移码。这些移码随后很快得到纠正，导致最多六个氨基酸受到影响。此外，在细辛叶齐头绒中发现了额外的无功能matK拷贝，它们可以很容易地与功能性开放阅读框（ORF）区分开来。trnK/matK序列数据完全解决了草胡椒属内的亲缘关系，而在胡椒属内则无效。分辨率的差异与这些谱系之间的速率异质性相关。简约法、贝叶斯法和似然法分析得出几乎相同的拓扑结构，并都支持胡椒科和三白草科的单系性。地宝兰属作为马兜铃亚科马兜铃亚族的姐妹得到了高度支持，但不同的树形推断方法在细辛亚族的关系上产生了相互矛盾的结果。在胡椒科中，由单型属齐头绒属和小属马内基属（=肉穗胡椒属）组成的确分支是两个大属胡椒属和草胡椒属的姐妹。
