Gene expression signatures that can discriminate oral leukoplakia subtypes and squamous cell carcinoma.

The purpose of this study is to generate a classifier for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and leukoplakias (LPs), and evaluate its diagnostic potential. In order to identify marker gene candidates, differential gene expression between LPs and OSCCs were examined by cDNA microarray. The expression of 118 marker gene candidates was further evaluated by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (QRT-PCR) analyses of 27 OSCC and 19 LP tissues. We identified 12 up-regulated and 15 down-regulated marker genes in OSCCs compared to LPs. Using Fisher's linear discriminant analysis (LDA), we demonstrated that 11-gene predictors among this novel marker set could best distinguish OSCCs from LPs (>97% accuracy), whereas a further seven of these gene predictors could be utilized to distinguish higher grade (higher than moderate) from lower grade (lower than mild) dysplasias (>95% accuracy). These predictor gene sets provide multigene classifiers for the diagnosis of pre-cancerous to cancerous transition of oral malignancy.