Pozio Edoardo, Foggin Chris M, Gelanew Tesfaye, Marucci Gianluca, Hailu Asrat, Rossi Patrizia, Morales Maria Angeles Gomez
Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immunomediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
Vet Parasitol. 2007 Feb 28;143(3-4):305-10. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.08.029. Epub 2006 Sep 18.
In 1995, a new species of Trichinella (Trichinella zimbabwensis) was discovered in farmed Nile crocodiles (Crocodylus niloticus) in Zimbabwe, where the mode of transmission was the consumption of the meat of slaughtered crocodiles, used as feed. To determine whether T. zimbabwensis affects poikilotherm vertebrates in the wild, monitor lizards (Varanus niloticus) and Nile crocodiles were collected in Zimbabwe and Mozambique. In 5 (17.6%) of the 28 monitor lizards from Zimbabwe, T. zimbabwensis larvae were identified. For the wild Nile crocodiles from Mozambique, species-level identification was not possible, yet immunohistochemical analysis revealed that 8 (20%) of the 40 animals harboured non-encapsulated Trichinella sp. larvae, which probably belonged to T. zimbabwensis. This is the first report of T. zimbabwensis in wild reptiles, and the findings are consistent with reports that vertebrates with scavenger and cannibalistic behaviour are the most important hosts of Trichinella spp. The wide distribution of monitor lizards and crocodiles in Africa and the development of national crocodile breeding programs in many African countries should be taken into consideration when evaluating the risk of transmission of this parasite to mammals, including humans.
1995年，在津巴布韦人工养殖的尼罗鳄（尼罗鳄）中发现了一种新的旋毛虫（津巴布韦旋毛虫），其传播方式是食用作为饲料的屠宰鳄鱼的肉。为了确定津巴布韦旋毛虫是否会影响野生变温脊椎动物，在津巴布韦和莫桑比克收集了巨蜥（尼罗巨蜥）和尼罗鳄。在来自津巴布韦的28只巨蜥中，有5只（17.6%）鉴定出了津巴布韦旋毛虫幼虫。对于来自莫桑比克的野生尼罗鳄，无法进行种级鉴定，但免疫组织化学分析显示，40只动物中有8只（20%）携带未包囊的旋毛虫属幼虫，这些幼虫可能属于津巴布韦旋毛虫。这是津巴布韦旋毛虫在野生爬行动物中的首次报告，研究结果与以下报告一致，即具有食腐和同类相食行为的脊椎动物是旋毛虫属最重要的宿主。在评估这种寄生虫向包括人类在内的哺乳动物传播的风险时，应考虑到巨蜥和鳄鱼在非洲的广泛分布以及许多非洲国家国家鳄鱼养殖计划的发展。
