Shariat Shahrokh F, Canto Eduardo I, Kattan Michael W, Slawin Kevin M
Rev Urol. 2004 Spring;6(2):58-72.
The use of total prostate-specific antigen (tPSA) measurement has dramatically improved the ability to detect prostate cancer at earlier stages. However, as the number of men presenting with advanced disease (and high tPSA levels) has decreased, and given the fact that tPSA is highly reflective of benign prostatic hyperplasia, the need has emerged for novel biomarkers specifically associated with prostate cancer in order to improve predictive models. Several new biomarkers have shown promise, and studies continue to investigate the role of these markers in the detection, staging, and prognosis of prostate cancer. As new useful biomarkers continue to emerge, guidelines for their employment, as well as coordination of further research studies, are needed; a systematic, phased, nomogram-based model is a rational way to manage these efforts.
总前列腺特异性抗原（tPSA）检测的应用极大地提高了早期检测前列腺癌的能力。然而，随着出现晚期疾病（以及高tPSA水平）的男性数量减少，并且鉴于tPSA高度反映良性前列腺增生，因此出现了对与前列腺癌特异性相关的新型生物标志物的需求，以改善预测模型。几种新的生物标志物已显示出前景，并且研究继续调查这些标志物在前列腺癌检测、分期和预后中的作用。随着新的有用生物标志物不断出现，需要制定其使用指南以及协调进一步的研究；基于系统、分阶段、列线图的模型是管理这些工作的合理方式。
