Hunt Orlagh, Burden Donald, Hepper Peter, Stevenson Mike, Johnston Chris
School of Dentistry, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland.
Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 2006 Sep;43(5):598-605. doi: 10.1597/05-080.
A cross-sectional study was employed to determine the psychosocial effects of cleft lip and/or palate among children and young adults, compared with a control group of children and young adults without cleft lip and palate.
The study comprised 160 children and young adults with cleft lip and/or palate and 113 children and young adults without cleft lip and/or palate. All participants were between 8 and 21 years of age.
Psychological functioning (anxiety, self-esteem, depression, and behavioral problems) was assessed using validated psychological questionnaires. Happiness with facial appearance was rated using a visual analog scale. Social functioning, including experience of teasing/bullying and satisfaction with speech, was assessed using a semistructured interview.
Participants with cleft lip and/or palate reported greater behavioral problems (p < .001) and more symptoms of depression (p < .01); they were teased more often (p < .001) and were less happy with their facial appearance (p < .01) and speech (p < .001), compared with controls. There were no significant difference between subjects with cleft lip and/or palate and subjects without cleft lip and/or palate in terms of anxiety (p > .05) or self-esteem (p > .05). Having been teased was a significant predictor of poor psychological functioning, more so than having a cleft lip and/or palate per se (p < .001).
Teasing was greater among participants who had cleft lip and/ or palate and it was a significant predictor of poorer psychosocial functioning. Children and young adults with cleft lip and/or palate require psychological assessment, specifically focusing on their experience of teasing, as part of their routine cleft care.
采用横断面研究方法，确定唇腭裂患儿及青少年与无唇腭裂的儿童及青少年对照组相比的心理社会影响。
该研究包括160名唇腭裂患儿及青少年和113名无唇腭裂的儿童及青少年。所有参与者年龄在8至21岁之间。
使用经过验证的心理问卷评估心理功能（焦虑、自尊、抑郁和行为问题）。使用视觉模拟量表对面部外观满意度进行评分。使用半结构化访谈评估社会功能，包括被取笑/欺负的经历和对言语的满意度。
与对照组相比，唇腭裂患儿及青少年报告有更多的行为问题（p <.001）和更多的抑郁症状（p <.01）；他们更经常被取笑（p <.001），对面部外观（p <.01）和言语（p <.001）的满意度更低。唇腭裂患儿及青少年与无唇腭裂的儿童及青少年在焦虑（p>.05）或自尊（p>.05）方面没有显著差异。被取笑是心理功能差的一个重要预测因素，比唇腭裂本身更能预测（p <.001）。
唇腭裂参与者遭受的取笑更多，且是心理社会功能较差的一个重要预测因素。唇腭裂患儿及青少年需要进行心理评估，特别是关注他们被取笑的经历，作为其常规腭裂护理的一部分。
