Resistance of descending vasa recta to the transport of water.

The effect of varying intracapillary oncotic pressure on the rate of transcapillary volume flux in microperfused descending vasa recta (DVR) was studied during furosemide diuresis in the Munich-Wistar rat. At the papillary base, plasma protein concentration and hydraulic pressure were 5.7 +/- 0.1 g/dl and 11.7 +/- 0.7 mmHg in nonperfused DVR, respectively, and 5.6 +/- 0.1 g/dl and 9.4 +/- 0.4 mmHg in nonperfused ascending vasa recta (AVR), respectively. These results demonstrate that the papillary microcirculation does not remove water from the interstitium during furosemide diuresis and defines Starling forces in the pericapillary interstitium. Osmolality and urea concentration were 380 +/- 11 mosmol/kgH2O and 56 +/- 5 mM in DVR plasma at the papillary base, respectively, and 386 +/- 10 mosmol/kgH2O and 62 +/- 5 mM in DVR plasma at the tip, respectively. These results demonstrate abolition of corticomedullary small solute gradients. DVR were perfused at a rate of 10 nl/min with a buffer solution containing small-solute concentrations that matched those of plasma in nonperfused DVR. The buffer solution also contained 2 x 10(6) mol wt fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled dextran (FITC-Dx, 5 mg/ml) and either 0.1 or 5.0 g/dl albumin. Microperfused DVR were punctured a second time downstream of the perfusion site for sample collection or servo-nulling pressure measurement. The rate of transmembrane volume flux, determined from the change in FITC-Dx concentration from perfusate to collectate, was 0.99 +/- 0.29 nl.min-1.mm-1 when perfusate contained 0.1 g/dl albumin and 0.00 +/- 0.23 nl.min-1.mm-1 with 5.0 g/dl albumin (P less than 0.01). Intracapillary hydraulic pressures were 21.7 and 20.4 mmHg during microperfusion of DVR with 0.1 and 5.0 g/dl albumin, respectively. These results demonstrate that transcapillary driving forces of 20 mmHg (5 g/dl albumin) influence transcapillary water movement across the DVR endothelium. For an average capillary diameter of 12.9 microns, DVR hydraulic conductivity is calculated to be greater than 1.4 x 10(-6) cm.s-1.mmHg-1.