Kimpara Hideyuki, Iwamoto Masami, Watanabe Isao, Miki Kazuo, Lee Jong B, Yang King H, King Albert I
TOYOTA Central R&D Laboratories, Inc., 41-1, Yokomichi, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1192, Japan.
J Biomech Eng. 2006 Oct;128(5):772-6. doi: 10.1115/1.2264394.
The mass density, Young's modulus (E), tangent modulus (Et), and yield stress (sigma y) of the human ribs, sternum, internal organs, and muscles play important roles when determining impact responses of the chest associated with pendulum impact. A series of parametric studies was conducted using a commercially available three-dimensional finite element (FE) model, Total HUman Model for Safety (THUMS) of the whole human body, to determine the effect of changing these material properties on the predicted impact force, chest deflection, and the number of rib fractures and fractured ribs. Results from this parametric study indicate that the initial chest apparent stiffness was mainly influenced by the stiffness and mass density of the superficial muscles covering the torso. The number of rib fractures and fractured ribs was primarily determined by the stiffness of the ribcage. Similarly, the stiffness of the ribcage and internal organs contributed to the maximum chest deflection in frontal impact, while the maximum chest deflection for lateral impact was mainly affected by the stiffness of the ribcage. Additionally, the total mass of the whole chest had a moderately effect on the number of rib fractures.
人体肋骨、胸骨、内部器官和肌肉的质量密度、杨氏模量（E）、切线模量（Et）和屈服应力（σy）在确定与摆锤冲击相关的胸部冲击响应时起着重要作用。使用市售的三维有限元（FE）模型——全人体安全总模型（THUMS）进行了一系列参数研究，以确定改变这些材料特性对预测的冲击力、胸部偏转以及肋骨骨折数量和骨折肋骨数量的影响。该参数研究的结果表明，初始胸部表观刚度主要受覆盖躯干的表层肌肉的刚度和质量密度影响。肋骨骨折数量和骨折肋骨数量主要由胸廓刚度决定。同样，胸廓和内部器官的刚度导致正面冲击时的最大胸部偏转，而侧面冲击时的最大胸部偏转主要受胸廓刚度影响。此外，整个胸部的总质量对肋骨骨折数量有一定影响。
