Khan Anwar U H, Iqbal M, Islam K R
University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
Bioresour Technol. 2007 Jul;98(10):1972-9. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2006.07.041. Epub 2006 Sep 25.
Organic amendments have received renewed attention to improve soil fertility for crop production. A randomized complete block split plot experiment was conducted to evaluate the dairy manure (DM) amendments of soil for corn (Zea mays L. cv. Monsanto 919) production under different tillage systems. Main plot treatments were no-till (NT), conventional tillage (CT), and deep tillage (DT), and subplot treatments were chemical fertilization (DM(0)), and DM at 10Mgha(-1)yr(-1) (DM(10)) and 20Mgha(-1)yr(-1) (DM(20)) with supplemental chemical fertilization. Results show that tillage and DM had significantly reduced bulk density (rho(b)) with greater porosity (f(t)) and hydraulic conductivity (K(fs)) than soils under NT and DM(0). Manuring was effective to improve soil physical properties in all tillage treatments. While manure significantly increased C sequestration, the N concentration was influenced by both tillage and manure with significant interaction. The CT significantly increased P as did the addition of manure. However, with manure, K was significantly increased in all tillage treatments. While tilled soils produced taller plants with higher grain yields, and water-use efficiency than NT soils, manuring, in contrast, increased corn harvest index. Manure exerted significant quadratic effect on corn biomass N and K uptake. The variable effects of tillage and dairy manuring on soil properties and corn growth are most probably related to "transitional period" in which soil ecosystems may have adjusting to a new equilibrium.
有机改良剂在提高作物生产的土壤肥力方面重新受到关注。开展了一项随机完全区组裂区试验，以评估在不同耕作制度下，奶牛粪便（DM）对玉米（Zea mays L. cv. Monsanto 919）生产土壤的改良效果。主区处理为免耕（NT）、传统耕作（CT）和深耕（DT），副区处理为化学施肥（DM(0)），以及补充化学施肥条件下每年每公顷施10 Mg（DM(10)）和20 Mg（DM(20)）的奶牛粪便。结果表明，与免耕和DM(0)处理的土壤相比，耕作和奶牛粪便显著降低了土壤容重（ρb），提高了孔隙度（ft）和水力传导率（Kfs）。施肥对所有耕作处理的土壤物理性质均有改善作用。虽然粪便显著增加了碳固存，但氮浓度受耕作和粪便的影响，且存在显著的交互作用。传统耕作显著增加了磷含量，施肥也有同样效果。然而，施肥后，所有耕作处理的钾含量均显著增加。虽然翻耕土壤上生长的植株更高，谷物产量和水分利用效率高于免耕土壤，但施肥却提高了玉米收获指数。粪便对玉米生物量氮和钾的吸收有显著的二次效应。耕作和奶牛粪便对土壤性质和玉米生长的不同影响很可能与“过渡期”有关，在此期间土壤生态系统可能正在调整至新的平衡状态。
