Fort Douglas J, Rogers Robert L, Thomas John H, Hopkins William A, Schlekat Christian
Fort Environmental Laboratories, Inc., Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA.
Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 2006 Nov;51(4):703-10. doi: 10.1007/s00244-005-0217-2. Epub 2006 Sep 4.
The early embryo-larval developmental toxicity of nickel (Ni) to 3 amphibian species, Xenopus laevis (South African clawed frog), Bufo terrestris (southern toad), and Gastrophryne carolinensis (eastern narrow-mouthed toad), was evaluated using a modified FETAX model. Studies were initiated from late blastulae stage (Nieuwkoop and Faber [NF] stage 10 or Gosner stage 12) and completed at a common embryological-based test termination point, which represented the completion of the major stages of organogenesis (NF stage 46 for Xenopus or Gosner stage 26 for the toads). Results indicated that, in terms of lethality, G. carolinensis was the most sensitive and X. laevis was the least sensitive of the species tested. The 4-d LC50 in X. laevis value was approximately 7.2- and 2.8-fold greater than the G. carolinensis and B. terrestris, respectively. In terms of malformation, X. laevis was the most sensitive and B. terrestris was the least sensitive of the species tested. The 7-d EC50 (malformation) in B. terrestris was 10.6- and 7.0-fold greater than X. laevis or G. carolinensis, respectively. The chronic value (ChV) for growth in X. laevis was nearly 4.5-fold less than the ChV for growth determined for B. terrestris. As with the malformation endpoint, X. laevis was more sensitive than the other species, which were nearly equisensitive. Overall, the present study provides new data regarding the toxicity of Ni to larval amphibian species, which may be useful in the establishment of new aquatic life criteria for Ni.
利用改良的FETAX模型评估了镍（Ni）对3种两栖动物物种，即非洲爪蟾（Xenopus laevis）、美国南方蟾蜍（Bufo terrestris）和卡罗来纳窄口蟾（Gastrophryne carolinensis）的早期胚胎-幼体发育毒性。研究从囊胚后期阶段（Nieuwkoop和Faber [NF] 阶段10或Gosner阶段12）开始，在一个基于胚胎学的共同测试终点完成，该终点代表器官发生主要阶段的完成（非洲爪蟾为NF阶段46，蟾蜍为Gosner阶段26）。结果表明，就致死率而言，卡罗来纳窄口蟾是测试物种中最敏感的，而非洲爪蟾是最不敏感的。非洲爪蟾的4天半数致死浓度（LC50）值分别比卡罗来纳窄口蟾和美国南方蟾蜍大约高7.2倍和2.8倍。就畸形而言，非洲爪蟾是测试物种中最敏感的，而美国南方蟾蜍是最不敏感的。美国南方蟾蜍的7天半数效应浓度（EC50，畸形）分别比非洲爪蟾或卡罗来纳窄口蟾高10.6倍和7.0倍。非洲爪蟾生长的慢性值（ChV）比美国南方蟾蜍生长的慢性值低近4.5倍。与畸形终点一样，非洲爪蟾比其他物种更敏感，而其他物种的敏感性几乎相同。总体而言，本研究提供了关于镍对两栖动物幼体毒性的新数据，这可能有助于建立新的镍水生生物标准。
