van Dam Rob M, Hu Frank B, Rosenberg Lynn, Krishnan Supriya, Palmer Julie R
Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Diabetes Care. 2006 Oct;29(10):2238-43. doi: 10.2337/dc06-1014.
Inverse associations between magnesium and calcium intakes and risk of type 2 diabetes have been reported for studies in predominantly white populations. We examined magnesium, calcium, and major food sources in relation to type 2 diabetes in African-American women.
This is a prospective cohort study including 41,186 participants of the Black Women's Health Study without a history of diabetes who completed validated food frequency questionnaires at baseline. During 8 years of follow-up (1995-2003), we documented 1,964 newly diagnosed cases of type 2 diabetes.
The multivariate-adjusted hazard ratio of type 2 diabetes for the highest compared with the lowest quintile of intake was 0.69 (95% CI 0.59-0.81; P trend <0.0001) for dietary magnesium and 0.86 (0.74-1.00; P trend = 0.01) for dietary calcium. After mutual adjustment, the association for calcium disappeared (hazard ratio 1.04 [95% CI 0.88-1.24]; P trend = 0.88), whereas the association for magnesium remained. Daily consumption of low-fat dairy (0.87 [0.76-1.00]; P trend = 0.04) and whole grains (0.69 [0.60-0.79]; P trend <0.0001) were associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes compared with a consumption less than once a week. After mutual adjustment, the hazard ratio was 0.81 (0.68-0.97; P trend = 0.02) for magnesium and 0.73 (0.63-0.85; P trend <0.0001) for whole grains.
These findings indicate that a diet high in magnesium-rich foods, particularly whole grains, is associated with a substantially lower risk of type 2 diabetes in U.S. black women.
在以白人为主的人群研究中，已报道镁和钙的摄入量与2型糖尿病风险呈负相关。我们研究了非裔美国女性中镁、钙及主要食物来源与2型糖尿病的关系。
这是一项前瞻性队列研究，纳入了41186名无糖尿病病史的黑人女性健康研究参与者，她们在基线时完成了经过验证的食物频率问卷。在8年的随访期（1995 - 2003年）内，我们记录了1964例新诊断的2型糖尿病病例。
饮食中镁摄入量最高五分位数与最低五分位数相比，2型糖尿病的多变量调整风险比为0.69（95%可信区间0.59 - 0.81；P趋势<0.0001），饮食中钙摄入量的风险比为0.86（0.74 - 1.00；P趋势 = 0.01）。相互调整后，钙的关联消失（风险比1.04 [95%可信区间0.88 - 1.24]；P趋势 = 0.88），而镁的关联仍然存在。与每周食用少于一次相比，每天食用低脂乳制品（0.87 [0.76 - 1.00]；P趋势 = 0.04）和全谷物（0.69 [0.60 - 0.79]；P趋势<0.0001）与2型糖尿病风险较低相关。相互调整后，镁的风险比为0.81（0.68 - 0.97；P趋势 = 0.02），全谷物的风险比为0.73（0.63 - 0.85；P趋势<0.0001）。
这些发现表明，富含镁的食物，特别是全谷物含量高的饮食，与美国黑人女性患2型糖尿病的风险显著降低相关。
