van Wieringen J C
University Hospital for Children and Youths 'Het Wilhelmina Kinderziekenhuis', Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Anthropol Anz. 1990 Sep;48(3):229-37.
The main characteristics of children are growth, development, gradually building up of resistance and decrease of vulnerability. The biometric parameters of choice for a general medical assessment of growth and (physical) development are attained height, weight for height, at infancy and pre-school age neuro-motoric development, and at adolescence the successive stages of secondary sex characteristics. In 1955, 1965, and 1980 nation-wide representative growth and development surveys were performed in the Netherlands. The results of such studies serve multiple purposes: they provide reference data for individual medical assessment, and contribute to the description of the health situation of the population by the study of secular changes. The data are also in use in the construction of our living environment and may supply a biological basis for governments policies concerning young people.
儿童的主要特征是生长、发育、抵抗力逐渐增强和易感性降低。用于全面医学评估生长和（身体）发育的生物特征参数包括达到的身高、身高对应的体重、婴儿期和学龄前的神经运动发育，以及青春期第二性征的连续阶段。1955年、1965年和1980年，荷兰进行了全国代表性的生长和发育调查。此类研究结果有多种用途：它们为个体医学评估提供参考数据，并通过对长期变化的研究有助于描述人群的健康状况。这些数据还用于我们生活环境的建设，并可为政府有关年轻人的政策提供生物学依据。
