Harju Beverly L, Wuensch Karl L, Kuhl Emily A, Cross Natalie J
Department of Psychology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858-4353, USA.
J Rural Health. 2006 Fall;22(4):359-63. doi: 10.1111/j.1748-0361.2006.00058.x.
The decision whether or not to consult a physician draws from a variety of attitudes within an individual's health schema. While rural Americans are in greater need of health care, many of them have fewer external resources than urbanites available to them.
The objective of this study was to elicit implicit and explicit attitudes related to seeking medical treatment for a condition described as fairly serious. Participants were asked to rate how often they comply with treatment regimens and practice good health habits.
The sample of rural (N = 586) and urban (N = 433) North Carolina residents was derived based on random-digit dialing. Multiple regression analyses were performed to investigate how attitudes associated with perceived compliance and health behaviors.
While rural and urban residents offered very similar responses, the associations between attitudes and behaviors were different. One healthy and 2 unhealthy schema patterns emerged. First, fear of hospitals was associated with effective compliance for rural residents and good health habits for urbanites. Second, affordability concerns were ascribed to rural community residents but seemed to reflect personally relevant implicit attitudes since they were associated with poor health adherence and habits for rural residents. Third, mistrust of doctors predicted low adherence for both groups and was also associated with poorer health habits for urbanites. With inconsistencies among implicit and explicit attitudes and behaviors, some residents seemed to be ambivalent about seeking health care.
是否咨询医生的决定源于个人健康模式中的多种态度。虽然美国农村居民更需要医疗保健，但他们可获得的外部资源比城市居民少。
本研究的目的是引出与针对一种被描述为相当严重的疾病寻求治疗相关的隐性和显性态度。参与者被要求对他们遵守治疗方案和养成良好健康习惯的频率进行评分。
北卡罗来纳州农村（N = 586）和城市（N = 433）居民的样本通过随机数字拨号获得。进行多元回归分析以研究与感知到的依从性和健康行为相关的态度。
虽然农村和城市居民给出了非常相似的回答，但态度与行为之间的关联却有所不同。出现了一种健康和两种不健康的模式。首先，对医院的恐惧与农村居民的有效依从性以及城市居民的良好健康习惯相关。其次，对可负担性的担忧归因于农村社区居民，但似乎反映了个人相关的隐性态度，因为它们与农村居民的健康依从性差和习惯不良相关。第三，对医生的不信任预测了两组的低依从性，并且也与城市居民较差的健康习惯相关。由于隐性和显性态度及行为之间存在不一致，一些居民在寻求医疗保健方面似乎存在矛盾心理。
