Elsner D
University of Melbourne, Australia.
J Med Ethics. 2006 Oct;32(10):596-600. doi: 10.1136/jme.2005.013748.
Human reproductive cloning (HRC) has not yet resulted in any live births. There has been widespread condemnation of the practice in both the scientific world and the public sphere, and many countries explicitly outlaw the practice. Concerns about the procedure range from uncertainties about its physical safety to questions about the psychological well-being of clones. Yet, key aspects such as the philosophical implications of harm to future entities and a comparison with established reproductive technologies such as in vitro fertilisation (IVF) are often overlooked in discussions about HRC. Furthermore, there are people who are willing to use the technology. Several scientists have been outspoken in their intent to pursue HRC. The importance of concerns about the physical safety of children created by HRC and comparisons with concerns about the safety of IVF are discussed. A model to be used to determine when it is acceptable to use HRC and other new assisted reproductive technologies, balancing reproductive freedom and safety concerns, is proposed. Justifications underpinning potential applications of HRC are discussed, and it is determined that these are highly analogous to rationalisations used to justify IVF treatment. It is concluded that people wishing to conceive using HRC should have a prima facie negative right to do so.
人类生殖性克隆（HRC）尚未带来任何活产儿。科学界和公众领域都对这种做法进行了广泛谴责，许多国家明确将其定为非法行为。对该程序的担忧涵盖从其身体安全性的不确定性到克隆人的心理健康问题。然而，在关于人类生殖性克隆的讨论中，诸如对未来个体造成伤害的哲学含义以及与体外受精（IVF）等现有生殖技术的比较等关键方面常常被忽视。此外，有人愿意使用这项技术。几位科学家直言不讳地表示有意进行人类生殖性克隆。本文讨论了对人类生殖性克隆所产生儿童身体安全问题的担忧以及与对体外受精安全性担忧的比较的重要性。提出了一个模型，用于确定何时使用人类生殖性克隆和其他新的辅助生殖技术是可接受的，平衡生殖自由和安全问题。讨论了支持人类生殖性克隆潜在应用的理由，并确定这些理由与用于证明体外受精治疗合理性的理由高度相似。得出的结论是，希望通过人类生殖性克隆受孕的人应该有这样做的初步消极权利。
