Jaber Soad M
Department of Pediatrics, King Abdul-Aziz University Hospital, PO Box 80205, Jeddah 21589, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Saudi Med J. 2006 Oct;27(10):1515-22.
To determine the seroprevalence of antibodies to hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis A virus (HAV) among children in Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) and to evaluate the need of anti-HAV mass vaccination.
This study was carried out on random samples of schools located at different regions in Jeddah, KSA during the year 2004. A total of 527 sera, (285 males and 242 females), collected from children aged (4-14 years) were tested for anti-hepatitis B surface (antigen) (HBsAb) and anti-HAV viruses antibodies by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay technique.
Approximately 98% of children received HBV while 49% of received HAV vaccine. For HBV the overall seropositivity was 75% while HAV was 28.7%, whereas seronegativity was 14% for HBV and 70.5% for HAV. Percentage of seropositivity against HBV was elevated in vaccinated versus non-vaccinated children (p < 0.000). In vaccinated children against HBV, percentage of seropositivity was elevated in children attending public versus those attending private and no schools (p < 0.000) and in Saudi versus non-Saudi children (p < 0.05). In vaccinated and non-vaccinated children against HAV, percentage of seropositivity was elevated in children attending public versus those attending private schools (p < 0.000) and no schools (p < 0.000) and in males (p < 0.05) versus females (p < 0.01). In vaccinated children, percentage of seropositivity for HBV obtained by age range from 4-6 years was 78.7%, for 7-11 years 74.4% and for 12-14 years 72.6%, whereas for HAV virus, seropositivity was 14.8% for 4-6 years, 38.3% for 7-11 years and 28.6% for 12-14 years.
Despite successful coverage of mass vaccination against HBV among school aged children, in Jeddah, KSA, there are high prevalence levels of seronegative with increasing age suggesting outbreak of disease among adolescent. Low prevalence of protective antibodies against HAV in vaccinated and non-vaccinated children may suggest application of mass vaccination program.
确定沙特阿拉伯王国吉达市儿童中乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）和甲型肝炎病毒（HAV）抗体的血清流行率，并评估甲型肝炎大规模疫苗接种的必要性。
2004年对沙特阿拉伯王国吉达市不同地区的随机抽样学校进行了此项研究。采用酶联免疫吸附测定技术，对从4至14岁儿童中采集的527份血清（285名男性和242名女性）进行了乙型肝炎表面（抗原）抗体（HBsAb）和甲型肝炎病毒抗体检测。
约98%的儿童接种了乙肝疫苗，49%的儿童接种了甲肝疫苗。乙肝疫苗的总体血清阳性率为75%，甲肝疫苗为28.7%，而乙肝疫苗的血清阴性率为14%，甲肝疫苗为70.5%。接种疫苗的儿童与未接种疫苗的儿童相比，乙肝抗体血清阳性率有所升高（p<0.000）。在接种乙肝疫苗的儿童中，公立学校儿童的血清阳性率高于私立学校儿童和未上学儿童（p<0.000），沙特儿童高于非沙特儿童（p<0.05）。在接种和未接种甲肝疫苗的儿童中，公立学校儿童的血清阳性率高于私立学校儿童（p<0.000）和未上学儿童（p<0.000），男性高于女性（p<0.05对p<0.01）。在接种疫苗的儿童中，4至6岁年龄组乙肝抗体血清阳性率为78.7%，7至11岁为74.4%，12至14岁为72.6%，而甲肝病毒抗体血清阳性率在4至6岁为14.8%，7至11岁为38.3%，12至14岁为28.6%。
尽管沙特阿拉伯王国吉达市学龄儿童乙肝大规模疫苗接种覆盖率较高，但随着年龄增长血清阴性率较高，提示青少年中可能存在疾病暴发。接种和未接种疫苗的儿童中甲型肝炎保护性抗体的低流行率可能提示应实施大规模疫苗接种计划。
