Mukhtar Muhammad, Ensink Jeroen, Van der Hoek Wim, Amerasinghe Felix Prashantha, Konradsen Flemming
International Water Management Institute (IWMI), 12 KM Multan Rd., Lahore, Pakistan.
J Med Entomol. 2006 Sep;43(5):996-1003. doi: 10.1603/0022-2585(2006)43[996:iowspa]2.0.co;2.
The objective of the current study was to investigate the role of waste stabilization ponds (WSP) and wastewater-irrigated sites for the production of mosquitoes of medical importance. Mosquito larvae were collected fortnightly from July 2001 to June 2002 in Faisalabad, Pakistan. In total, 3,132 water samples from WSP and irrigated areas yielded 606,053 Culex larvae of five species. In addition, 107,113 anophelines, representing eight species were collected. Anopheles subpictus (Grassi) and Culex mosquitoes, especially Culex quinquefasciatus (Say) and Culex tritaeniorhynchus (Giles), showed an overwhelming preference for anaerobic ponds, which receive untreated wastewater. Facultative ponds generated lower numbers of both Anopheles and Culex mosquitoes, whereas the last ponds in the series, the maturation ponds, were the least productive for both mosquito genera. An. subpictus and Anopheles stephensi (Liston) were the dominant Anopheles species in wastewater-irrigated sites, with Anopheles culicifacies (Giles) recorded in low numbers. This was also the pattern in nearby sites, irrigated with river water. Among the Culex species, Cx. tritaeniorhynchus was by far the most frequently recorded in both wastewater- and river water-irrigated sites with Cx. quinquefasciatus as the second most abundant species but restricted to wastewater-irrigated areas. Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that presence of An. subpictus and Culex mosquitoes was significantly associated with emergent grass vegetation and low salinity. Regular removal of emergent grass along the margins of the anaerobic ponds and changes in the concrete design of the ponds are likely to reduce the mosquito production, especially of Culex species.
本研究的目的是调查稳定塘和废水灌溉场地在传播具有医学重要性的蚊子方面所起的作用。2001年7月至2002年6月期间，每两周在巴基斯坦费萨拉巴德采集蚊虫幼虫。总共从稳定塘和灌溉区域采集了3132份水样，从中获得了5种库蚊的606,053只幼虫。此外，还采集到了代表8个种类的107,113只按蚊。伪威氏按蚊（Grassi）和库蚊，尤其是致倦库蚊（Say）和三带喙库蚊（Giles），对接收未经处理废水的厌氧塘表现出压倒性的偏好。兼性塘产生的按蚊和库蚊数量较少，而该系列中的最后一种塘，即熟化塘，对这两种蚊虫的繁殖效率最低。伪威氏按蚊和斯氏按蚊（Liston）是废水灌溉场地中的主要按蚊种类，记录到的嗜人按蚊（Giles）数量较少。在附近用河水灌溉的场地中也是这种情况。在库蚊种类中，三带喙库蚊是废水灌溉场地和河水灌溉场地中记录到的最常见的库蚊，致倦库蚊是第二常见的种类，但仅限于废水灌溉区域。单因素逻辑回归分析表明，伪威氏按蚊和库蚊的存在与挺水植物的存在和低盐度显著相关。定期清除厌氧塘边缘的挺水植物以及改变池塘的混凝土设计可能会减少蚊虫滋生，尤其是库蚊种类。
