Whitaker A, Johnson J, Sebris S, Pinto J, Wasserman G, Kairam R, Shaffer D, Paneth N
Division of Child Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York 10032.
J Dev Behav Pediatr. 1990 Oct;11(5):253-60.
Relationships between abnormalities on neonatal serial cranial ultrasound and cognitive development at age one year were examined in 153 low birth weight (LBW) infants. Infants with complex injury (persistent parenchymal echogenicity, lucency, or persistent ventricular enlargement) scored significantly lower on the Bayley Mental Development Index than noninjured infants. Nine of 11 infants with complex injury had severe developmental delay in contrast to 3/110 of the noninjured. Adjusting for birth weight, gestational age, head circumference and social class, infants with complex injury were 33 times more likely to be severely delayed than noninjured infants. Risk for severe delay associated with LBW appeared to be indirect, through increased probability of ultrasonographic abnormality. The poorest developmental outcome was seen in infants with both complex perinatal brain injury and either very LBW or very young gestational age. However, very LBW infants with normal neonatal ultrasounds were at negligible risk for severe delay at age one.
对153名低体重（LBW）婴儿进行了研究，以探讨新生儿系列头颅超声检查异常与1岁时认知发育之间的关系。患有复杂损伤（持续性实质回声增强、透亮区或持续性脑室扩大）的婴儿在贝利智力发育指数上的得分显著低于未受伤的婴儿。11名患有复杂损伤的婴儿中有9名存在严重发育迟缓，相比之下，未受伤婴儿中这一比例为3/110。在对出生体重、胎龄、头围和社会阶层进行调整后，患有复杂损伤的婴儿出现严重发育迟缓的可能性是未受伤婴儿的33倍。与低体重相关的严重发育迟缓风险似乎是间接的，是通过超声检查异常概率的增加导致的。围产期脑损伤复杂且出生体重极低或胎龄极小的婴儿发育结局最差。然而，新生儿超声检查正常的极低体重婴儿在1岁时出现严重发育迟缓的风险可忽略不计。
