Hagel Brent E, Lamy Andrea, Rizkallah Jacques W, Belton Kathy L, Jhangri Gian S, Cherry Nicola, Rowe Brian H
Alberta Centre for Injury Control & Research, Department of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada.
Accid Anal Prev. 2007 Mar;39(2):284-9. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2006.07.010. Epub 2006 Oct 4.
This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and reliability of risk factors collected on uninjured cyclists-pedestrians in Edmonton, Alberta, and what characteristics predict cyclist-pedestrian visibility. At randomly selected locations from July 2004 to August 2004, two independent observers recorded cyclist-pedestrian characteristics such as age, sex, clothing color, use of reflectors, flags, helmets, and a subjective impression of visibility. Data were collected on 836 individuals; most were either walking/jogging (approximately 63%) or cycling (approximately 33%). For non-cyclists, the prevalence of bright colored clothing on the trunk ranged from 12.7 to 14.7%. Few people used any kind of reflective strips. Inter-observer agreement (Kappa) ranged from 0.37 (visibility assessment) to 0.99 (sex). For cyclists, 17-19% of headgear was brightly colored, and 13-14% was white. Approximately one-fourth had a front light; half had a rear reflector. Few cyclists used a flag and just over half used spoke reflectors. Kappa ranged from 0.35 (observer assessed speed) to 0.95 (head gear and sex). A major trunk color of orange, red, yellow or white resulted in a higher visibility rating for both cyclists and pedestrians. The results indicate a low prevalence of visibility aid use among cyclists and pedestrians, but there appears to be acceptable inter-observer reliability for most data collected. Further work is required before an overall visibility rating can be used in place of component scores.
本研究旨在确定艾伯塔省埃德蒙顿市未受伤的骑自行车的行人所收集的风险因素的患病率和可靠性，以及哪些特征可预测骑自行车的行人的可见性。在2004年7月至2004年8月随机选择的地点，两名独立观察员记录了骑自行车的行人的特征，如年龄、性别、服装颜色、反光器、旗帜、头盔的使用情况以及对可见性的主观印象。收集了836人的数据；大多数人要么在步行/慢跑（约63%），要么在骑自行车（约33%）。对于非骑自行车的人来说，躯干上亮色服装的患病率在12.7%至14.7%之间。很少有人使用任何类型的反光条。观察者间的一致性（kappa）范围从0.37（可见性评估）到0.99（性别）。对于骑自行车的人来说，17 - 19%的头盔是亮色的，13 - 14%是白色的。大约四分之一的人有前灯；一半的人有后反光器。很少有骑自行车的人使用旗帜，略多于一半的人使用辐条反光器。kappa范围从0.35（观察者评估的速度）到0.95（头盔和性别）。橙色、红色、黄色或白色的主要躯干颜色会使骑自行车的人和行人的可见性评级更高。结果表明骑自行车的人和行人使用可见性辅助工具的患病率较低，但对于所收集的大多数数据，观察者间的可靠性似乎是可以接受的。在可以使用整体可见性评级代替各个组成部分的分数之前，还需要进一步的研究。
