Fantry L
University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA.
Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2000 Jan;16(1):45-50. doi: 10.1097/00001574-200001000-00008.
Infectious diseases of the gastrointestinal tract continue to be an important source of morbidity and mortality. Viruses, bacteria, fungi, and protozoa that infect normal hosts also infect the gastrointestinal tract in immunocompromised hosts. Disease caused by these pathogens may be more severe and more difficult to treat in immunocompromised hosts. In addition, pathogens that rarely cause disease in normal hosts cause significant disease in immunosuppressed hosts. Diagnostic decisions need to take into account expected pathogens and response to therapy. Treatment decisions must be based on the findings of diagnostic procedures; expected pathogens; and recent data suggesting that highly active antiretroviral therapy, with its ability to reconstitute immune function, is an essential component of treatment. This review summarizes the most important developments made in the pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of gastrointestinal infections in immunocompromised hosts in the past year.
胃肠道传染病仍然是发病和死亡的重要原因。感染正常宿主的病毒、细菌、真菌和原生动物也会感染免疫功能低下宿主的胃肠道。这些病原体引起的疾病在免疫功能低下的宿主中可能更严重且更难治疗。此外，在正常宿主中很少引起疾病的病原体在免疫抑制宿主中会引发严重疾病。诊断决策需要考虑预期的病原体和对治疗的反应。治疗决策必须基于诊断程序的结果、预期的病原体以及最近的数据，这些数据表明高效抗逆转录病毒疗法因其能够重建免疫功能，是治疗的重要组成部分。本综述总结了过去一年免疫功能低下宿主胃肠道感染的发病机制、临床表现、诊断和治疗方面最重要的进展。
