Garcia-Moreno Claudia, Jansen Henrica A F M, Ellsberg Mary, Heise Lori, Watts Charlotte H
WHO, Geneva, Switzerland.
Lancet. 2006 Oct 7;368(9543):1260-9. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69523-8.
Violence against women is a serious human rights abuse and public health issue. Despite growing evidence of the size of the problem, current evidence comes largely from industrialised settings, and methodological differences limit the extent to which comparisons can be made between studies. We aimed to estimate the extent of physical and sexual intimate partner violence against women in 15 sites in ten countries: Bangladesh, Brazil, Ethiopia, Japan, Namibia, Peru, Samoa, Serbia and Montenegro, Thailand, and the United Republic of Tanzania.
Standardised population-based household surveys were done between 2000 and 2003. Women aged 15-49 years were interviewed and those who had ever had a male partner were asked in private about their experiences of physically and sexually violent and emotionally abusive acts.
24,097 women completed interviews, with around 1500 interviews per site. The reported lifetime prevalence of physical or sexual partner violence, or both, varied from 15% to 71%, with two sites having a prevalence of less than 25%, seven between 25% and 50%, and six between 50% and 75%. Between 4% and 54% of respondents reported physical or sexual partner violence, or both, in the past year. Men who were more controlling were more likely to be violent against their partners. In all but one setting women were at far greater risk of physical or sexual violence by a partner than from violence by other people.
The findings confirm that physical and sexual partner violence against women is widespread. The variation in prevalence within and between settings highlights that this violence in not inevitable, and must be addressed.
对妇女的暴力行为是严重侵犯人权和公共卫生问题。尽管有越来越多的证据表明该问题的规模，但目前的证据大多来自工业化国家，且方法学上的差异限制了不同研究之间进行比较的程度。我们旨在估计十个国家15个地区针对妇女的身体和性亲密伴侣暴力行为的程度，这些国家包括：孟加拉国、巴西、埃塞俄比亚、日本、纳米比亚、秘鲁、萨摩亚、塞尔维亚和黑山、泰国以及坦桑尼亚联合共和国。
在2000年至2003年期间开展了基于人群的标准化家庭调查。对年龄在15至49岁的女性进行了访谈，并私下询问那些曾有男性伴侣的女性关于她们遭受身体暴力、性暴力和情感虐待行为的经历。
24,097名女性完成了访谈，每个地区约有1500份访谈。报告的身体或性伴侣暴力（或两者兼有）的终生患病率从15%到71%不等，其中两个地区患病率低于25%，七个地区在25%至50%之间，六个地区在50%至75%之间。在过去一年中，4%至54%的受访者报告遭受过身体或性伴侣暴力（或两者兼有）。控制欲更强的男性对伴侣实施暴力的可能性更大。除了一个地区外，在所有地区，女性遭受伴侣身体或性暴力的风险远远高于遭受他人暴力的风险。
研究结果证实，针对妇女的身体和性伴侣暴力行为普遍存在。不同地区内部和之间患病率的差异表明这种暴力并非不可避免，必须加以解决。
