Smith D R, Owens P R, Leytem A B, Warnemuende E A
USDA-ARS, National Soil Erosion Research Laboratory, 275 S. Russell St., West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
Environ Pollut. 2007 May;147(1):131-7. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2006.08.021. Epub 2006 Oct 6.
Nutrient losses to surface waters following fertilization contribute to eutrophication. This study was conducted to compare the impacts of fertilization with inorganic fertilizer, swine (Sus scrofa domesticus) manure or poultry (Gallus domesticus) litter on runoff water quality, and how the duration between application and the first runoff event affects resulting water quality. Fertilizers were applied at 35 kg P ha-1, and the duration between application and the first runoff event varied between 1 and 29 days. Swine manure was the greatest risk to water quality 1 day after fertilization due to elevated phosphorus (8.4 mg P L-1) and ammonium (10.3 mg NH4-N L-1) concentrations; however, this risk decreased rapidly. Phosphorus concentrations were 2.6 mg L-1 29 days after fertilization with inorganic fertilizer. This research demonstrates that manures might be more environmentally sustainable than inorganic fertilizers, provided runoff events do not occur soon after application.
施肥后营养物质流失到地表水会导致水体富营养化。本研究旨在比较施用无机肥料、猪（家猪）粪或家禽（家鸡）垫料对径流水质的影响，以及施肥与首次径流事件之间的持续时间如何影响最终水质。施肥量为35 kg P ha-1，施肥与首次径流事件之间的持续时间在1至29天之间变化。施肥后1天，猪粪对水质的风险最大，原因是磷（8.4 mg P L-1）和铵（10.3 mg NH4-N L-1）浓度升高；然而，这种风险迅速降低。无机肥料施肥29天后磷浓度为2.6 mg L-1。这项研究表明，如果施肥后不久不发生径流事件，粪便可能比无机肥料在环境方面更具可持续性。
