Cerning J
Station de Recherches Laitières, CRJ, INRA Jouy-en-Josas, France.
FEMS Microbiol Rev. 1990 Sep;7(1-2):113-30. doi: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1990.tb04883.x.
The production of homopolysaccharides (dextrans, mutans) and heteropolysaccharides by lactic acid bacteria, their chemical composition, their structure and their synthesis are outlined. Mutans streptococci, which include Streptococcus mutans and S. sobrinus produce soluble and insoluble alpha-glucans. The latter may contain as much as 90% alpha-1-3 linkages and possess a marked ability to promote adherence to the smooth tooth surface causing dental plaque. Dextrans produced by Leuconostoc mesenteroides are high molecular weight alpha-glucans having 1-6, 1-4 and 1-3 linkages, varying from slightly to highly branched; 1-6 linkages are predominant. Emphasis is put on exopolysaccharide producing thermophilic and mesophilic lactic acid bacteria, which are important in the dairy industry. The produced polymers play a key role in the rheological behaviour and the texture of fermented milks. One of the main problems in this field is the transitory nature of the thickening trait. This instability is not yet completely understood. Controversial results exist on the sugar composition of the slime produced, but galactose and glucose have always been identified with galactose predominating in most cases.
概述了乳酸菌产生同多糖（葡聚糖、变聚糖）和杂多糖的情况，包括它们的化学组成、结构和合成。变形链球菌属，包括变形链球菌和远缘链球菌，可产生可溶和不溶的α-葡聚糖。后者可能含有高达90%的α-1,3键，并且具有显著促进在光滑牙表面黏附的能力，从而导致牙菌斑形成。肠膜明串珠菌产生的葡聚糖是具有1-6、1-4和1-3键的高分子量α-葡聚糖，分支程度从轻微到高度不等；1-6键为主。重点介绍了产胞外多糖的嗜热和嗜温乳酸菌，它们在乳制品工业中很重要。所产生的聚合物在发酵乳的流变行为和质地方面起关键作用。该领域的一个主要问题是增稠特性的短暂性。这种不稳定性尚未完全了解。关于所产生黏液的糖组成存在有争议的结果，但在大多数情况下总是能鉴定出半乳糖和葡萄糖，且半乳糖占主导。
