Mäntysaari P, Khalili H, Sariola J
MTT, Agrifood Research Finland, Animal Production Research, FIN-31600 Jokioinen, Finland.
J Dairy Sci. 2006 Nov;89(11):4312-20. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(06)72478-X.
Forty Finnish Ayrshire cows, 16 primiparous and 24 multiparous, were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatments (FF1 or FF5). Total mixed ration (TMR) was fed once a day on the FF1 treatment and 5 times a day on the FF5 treatment. The experiment began at calving and continued to wk 28 of lactation. The TMR consisted of a grass silage and concentrate mix. The amount of concentrate in the TMR was 51% on a DM basis. The feeding frequency had no effect on milk or energy-corrected milk yields or on milk composition. The average energy-corrected milk yield was 32.8 kg/d on the FF1 treatment and 32.5 kg/d on the FF5 treatment. The less frequent feeding increased the dry matter intake (DMI) of cows. The average DMI during the experiment was 20.9 kg/d on the FF1 treatment and 19.9 kg/d on the FF5 treatment. The difference in DMI was due to the differences in DMI of the mature cows. Energy and protein conversion tended to be lower with feeding once a day compared with feeding 5 times a day. The cows' feeding behavior was also observed. Cows fed 5 times a day tended to eat quite evenly after each delivery, whereas on the FF1 treatment there were 2 clear feeding peaks in the evening after the feed delivery. The time spent eating during the observation period was longer on FF5 than on FF1. The cows fed once a day spent more time lying than the cows fed 5 times a day. Based on the observations of feeding behavior, feeding a TMR 5 times a day seemed to be too frequent based on the increased restlessness and decreased lying time of the cows.
40头芬兰艾尔夏奶牛，其中16头初产牛和24头经产牛，被随机分配到两种处理方式（FF1或FF5）中的一种。在FF1处理方式下，全混合日粮（TMR）每天投喂一次，在FF5处理方式下，每天投喂5次。实验从产犊时开始，持续到泌乳第28周。TMR由青贮饲料和精饲料混合而成。以干物质计，TMR中精饲料的含量为51%。投喂频率对牛奶产量或能量校正乳产量以及牛奶成分均无影响。FF1处理方式下的平均能量校正乳产量为32.8千克/天，FF5处理方式下为32.5千克/天。投喂频率较低增加了奶牛的干物质摄入量（DMI）。实验期间，FF1处理方式下的平均DMI为20.9千克/天，FF5处理方式下为19.9千克/天。DMI的差异是由于成年奶牛DMI的不同。与每天投喂5次相比，每天投喂一次时能量和蛋白质转化率往往较低。还观察了奶牛的采食行为。每天投喂5次的奶牛在每次投喂后采食较为均匀，而在FF1处理方式下，投喂后傍晚有两个明显的采食高峰。FF5处理方式下奶牛在观察期内采食所花费的时间比FF1处理方式下更长。每天投喂一次的奶牛躺卧时间比每天投喂5次的奶牛更长。基于采食行为的观察，考虑到奶牛不安情绪增加和躺卧时间减少，每天投喂5次TMR似乎过于频繁。
