Chomel Bruno B, Osburn Bennie I
Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
J Vet Med Educ. 2006 Fall;33(3):346-51. doi: 10.3138/jvme.33.3.346.
Public-health issues regarding zoological collections and free-ranging wildlife have historically been linked to the risk of transmission of zoonotic diseases and accidents relating to bites or injection of venom or toxins by venomous animals. It is only recently that major consideration has been given worldwide to the role of the veterinary profession in contributing to investigating zoonotic diseases in free-ranging wildlife and integrating the concept of public health into the management activities of game preserves and wildlife parks. At the veterinary undergraduate level, courses in basic epidemiology, which should include outbreak investigation and disease surveillance, but also in population medicine, in infectious and parasitic diseases (especially new and emerging or re-emerging zoonoses), and in ecology should be part of the core curriculum. Foreign diseases, especially dealing with zoonotic diseases that are major threats because of possible agro-terrorism or spread of zoonoses, need to be taught in veterinary college curricula. Furthermore, knowledge of the principles of ecology and ecosystems should be acquired either during pre-veterinary studies or, at least, at the beginning of the veterinary curriculum. At the post-graduate level, master's degrees in preventive veterinary medicine, ecology and environmental health, or public health with an emphasis on infectious diseases should be offered to veterinarians seeking job opportunities in public health and wildlife management.
历史上，与动物园圈养动物和自由放养野生动物相关的公共卫生问题一直与动物源性疾病传播风险以及与有毒动物咬伤或毒液或毒素注射有关的事故联系在一起。直到最近，全球才开始主要考虑兽医行业在协助调查自由放养野生动物中的动物源性疾病以及将公共卫生概念纳入禁猎区和野生动物园管理活动方面所发挥的作用。在兽医本科阶段，基础流行病学课程，其中应包括疫情调查和疾病监测，以及群体医学、传染病和寄生虫病（特别是新出现或再次出现的人畜共患病）和生态学课程，都应成为核心课程的一部分。外来疾病，尤其是涉及因可能的农业恐怖主义或人畜共患病传播而构成重大威胁的动物源性疾病，需要在兽医学院课程中讲授。此外，生态学和生态系统原理的知识应在兽医预科学习期间获得，或者至少在兽医课程开始时获得。在研究生阶段，应向寻求公共卫生和野生动物管理工作机会的兽医提供预防兽医学、生态学与环境卫生或侧重于传染病的公共卫生硕士学位。
