Kimura Yoshinobu
Department of Medical Technology, Gifu University of Medical Science.
Nihon Rinsho. 2006 Oct;64(10):1822-7.
Many kinds of cytokines and chemokines are produced in response to influenza virus infection through the course of cytokine cascade. Even a single cytokine exhibits various biological activities and different types of cells produce the same identical cytokine. In general, cytokines act to maintain the homeostasis of host condition. In influenza virus infection, it works as protective for the host against virus infection at its early stage, but often as pathogenic in its later stage. Cytokines play a pivotal role in establishment of virus specific immunity. However, over expression of cytokines causes irreversible severe damages to the host, including shock, disseminated intravascular coagulation, adult respiratory distress syndrome and multiple organ failure, a typical form of which is influenza encephalopathy. Pathogenicity of influenza virus might be determined by means of its potential capability to induce proinflammatory cytokines.
在细胞因子级联反应过程中，多种细胞因子和趋化因子会因流感病毒感染而产生。即使是单一的细胞因子也表现出多种生物学活性，并且不同类型的细胞会产生相同的细胞因子。一般来说，细胞因子的作用是维持宿主状态的稳态。在流感病毒感染中，它在早期对宿主抵抗病毒感染起到保护作用，但在后期往往具有致病性。细胞因子在建立病毒特异性免疫中起关键作用。然而，细胞因子的过度表达会对宿主造成不可逆转的严重损害，包括休克、弥散性血管内凝血、成人呼吸窘迫综合征和多器官功能衰竭，其中典型的一种形式是流感脑病。流感病毒的致病性可能由其诱导促炎细胞因子的潜在能力决定。
