Alvarez-Castillo Fatima, Feinholz Dafna
University of the Philippines, Manila, The Philippines.
Dev World Bioeth. 2006 Dec;6(3):113-21. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-8847.2006.00169.x.
The aim of this paper is to show that any process of benefit sharing that does not guarantee the representation and participation of women in the decision-making process, as well as in the distribution of benefits, contravenes a central demand of social justice. It is argued that women, particularly in developing countries, can be excluded from benefits derived from genetic research because of existing social structures that promote and maintain discrimination. The paper describes how the structural problem of gender-based inequity can impact on benefit sharing processes. At the same time, examples are given of poor women's ability to organise themselves and to achieve social benefits for entire communities. Relevant international guidelines (e.g. the Convention on Biodiversity) recognise the importance of women's contributions to the protection of biodiversity and thereby, implicitly, their right to a share of the benefits, but no mechanism is outlined on how to bring this about. The authors make a clear recommendation to ensure women's participation in benefit sharing negotiations by demanding seats at the negotiation table.
本文旨在表明，任何利益分享过程若不能保证女性在决策过程以及利益分配中的代表性和参与度，就违背了社会正义的核心要求。有人认为，由于现存促进和维持歧视的社会结构，女性，尤其是发展中国家的女性，可能会被排除在基因研究的利益之外。本文描述了基于性别的不平等这一结构性问题如何影响利益分享过程。同时，文中给出了贫困女性组织起来并为整个社区争取社会利益的能力的例子。相关国际准则（如《生物多样性公约》）承认女性对保护生物多样性的贡献的重要性，从而含蓄地承认她们分享利益的权利，但未概述如何实现这一点。作者明确建议，通过要求在谈判桌上获得席位来确保女性参与利益分享谈判。
