Hald Gert Martin
Department of Psychology, University of Aarhus, Jens Chr. Skous Vej 4, Aarhus, C 8000, Denmark.
Arch Sex Behav. 2006 Oct;35(5):577-85. doi: 10.1007/s10508-006-9064-0.
The aims of the study were (1) to investigate gender differences in pornography consumption among Danish adults aged 18-30 and (2) to examine gender differences in situational, interpersonal, and behavioral characteristics of pornography consumption. A national survey study was conducted using a representative sample of 688 young heterosexual Danish adult men and women. The study found large gender differences in prevalence rates of pornography consumption and consumption patterns. Compared to women, men were exposed to pornography at a younger age, consumed more pornography as measured by time and frequency, and used pornography more often during sexual activity on their own. Gender differences in the interpersonal context of use were also evident, with women using pornography more often with a regular sexual partner than men. In turn, men were found to use pornography more often on their own or with friends (non-sexual partners) than women. For both men and women, the usual place of use was home and no significant gender difference was found in this regard. Men and women were found to vary in their preferences in pornographic materials, with men both preferring a wider range of hardcore pornography and less softcore pornography than women. Gender differences in sexual behavioral factors were limited to masturbation patterns with men masturbating more than women. Male gender, higher frequency of masturbation, lower age at first exposure, and younger age were found to account for 48.8% of the total variance of pornography consumption. The results were discussed in relation to the sociocultural environment and evolutionary theory. It is argued that gender differences in social acceptability, adherence to gender stereotypes, traditions of gender sexuality, gender norms, and mating strategies are key factors in understanding gender differences in pornography consumption.
（1）调查18至30岁丹麦成年人在色情内容消费方面的性别差异；（2）研究色情内容消费在情境、人际及行为特征方面的性别差异。采用对688名丹麦年轻异性恋成年男女的代表性样本进行了一项全国性调查研究。研究发现，在色情内容消费的流行率和消费模式方面存在巨大的性别差异。与女性相比，男性接触色情内容的年龄更小，以时间和频率衡量消费的色情内容更多，并且在独自进行性行为时更常使用色情内容。在使用色情内容的人际背景方面，性别差异也很明显，女性比男性更常与固定性伴侣一起使用色情内容。相应地，发现男性比女性更常独自或与朋友（非性伴侣）一起使用色情内容。对于男性和女性来说，通常使用色情内容的地点都是家中，在这方面未发现显著的性别差异。发现男性和女性在色情材料偏好上存在差异，男性比女性更喜欢更广泛的硬核色情内容且不太喜欢软色情内容。性行为因素方面的性别差异仅限于自慰模式，男性自慰比女性更多。研究发现男性性别、更高的自慰频率、首次接触的更低年龄以及更年轻的年龄占色情内容消费总方差的48.8%。结合社会文化环境和进化理论对结果进行了讨论。有人认为，社会可接受性、对性别刻板印象的遵循、性别性行为传统、性别规范和交配策略方面的性别差异是理解色情内容消费性别差异的关键因素。
